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Cestodes inside the genomic age.
Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Plant Biology, Volume 72 is May 2021. Please see http//www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.An antiferromagnet offers many important functionalities such as opportunities for electrical control of magnetic domains, immunity from magnetic perturbations, and fast spin dynamics. Introducing some of these intriguing features of an antiferromagnet into a low dimensional semiconductor core-shell nanowire offers an exciting pathway for its usage in antiferromagnetic semiconductor spintronics. Here, using a quantum mechanical approach, we predict that the Cr-doped Ge-core/Si-shell nanowire behaves as an antiferromagnetic semiconductor. The origin of antiferromagnetic spin alignments between Cr is attributed to the superexchange interaction mediated by the p z orbitals of the Ge atoms that are bonded to Cr. A weak spin-orbit interaction was found in this material, suggesting a longer spin coherence length. The spin-dependent quantum transport calculations in the Cr-doped nanowire junction reveals a switching feature with a high ON/OFF current ratio (∼41 times higher for the ON state at a relatively small bias of 0.83 V).We report on the N-heterocyclic carbene (NHC)-catalyzed Truce-Smiles rearrangement of aniline derivatives, in which an unactivated C(aryl)-N bond is cleaved, leading to the formation of a new C(aryl)-C bond. The key to the success of this reaction is the utilization of a highly nucleophilic NHC, which enables the formation of a highly nucleophilic ylide intermediate that is generated from an α,β-unsaturated amide.An iron-catalyzed α,β-dehydrogenation of carbonyl compounds was developed. A broad spectrum of carbonyls or analogues, such as aldehyde, ketone, lactone, lactam, amine, and alcohol, could be converted to their α,β-unsaturated counterparts in a simple one-step reaction with high yields.In the present pandemic time, face masks are found to be the most effective strategy against the spread of the virus within the community. As aerosol-based spreading of the virus is considered as the primary mode of transmission, the interaction of masks with incoming droplets needs to be understood thoroughly for an effective usage among the public. In the present work, we explore the interactions of the droplets over the most commonly used 3-ply surgical masks. A detailed study of the wetting signature, adhesion, and impact dynamics of water droplets and microbe-laden droplets is carried out for both sides of the mask. We found that the interfacial characteristics of the incoming droplets with the mask are very similar for the front and the back side of the mask. Further, in an anticipated attempt to reduce the adhesion, we have tested masks with a superhydrophobic coating. It is found that a superhydrophobic coating may not be the best choice for a regular mask as it can give rise to a number of smaller daughter droplets that can linger in air for longer times and can contribute to the transmission of potential viral loads.In this work, we used an original experimental setup to examine the behavior of insoluble monolayers made with pH-sensitive lipids. Two kinds of unsaturated lipids were chosen a cationic one (lipid 1) bearing an ammonium headgroup and an anionic one (lipid 2) terminated with an acidic phenol group. Adavosertib The lipids were deposited onto an air bubble interface maintained in an aqueous phase and, after stabilization, were subjected to a series of compressions performed at different pH values. These experiments disclosed a gradual increase in the specific area per molecule when lipids were neutralized. Imposing a pH variation at constant bubble volume also provided surface pressure profiles that confirmed this molecular behavior. As complementary characterization, dilatational rheology disclosed a phase transition from a purely elastic monophasic system to a viscoelastic two-phase system. We hypothesized that this unexpected increase in the specific area with lipid neutralization is related to the presence of unsaturations in each of the two branches of the hydrophobic tails that induce disorder, thereby increasing the molecular area at the interface. Application of the two-dimensional Volmer equation of state allowed the generation of quantitative values for the specific areas that showed variations with pH. It also allowed the determination of apparent pKa values, which are affected by both the electrostatic potential within the monolayer and the affinity of the lipid polar head for the aqueous phase.The first fully connected aromatic carbaporphyrin dimer (6) and its bis-Pd complex (6-Pd 2 ) that bear a rigid naphthalene motif as an internal strap were synthesized. These dimers consisted of two aromatic carbaporphyrins that shared a naphthalene motif. The π-electron conjugation of the obtained macrocycles was proposed to have two separated local 22 π-electron pathways and a 34 π-electron pathway. Their weak aromaticity was fully supported by 1H NMR spectroscopy, NICS values, ACID calculations, and ICSS plots.In this contribution, we propose a new synthetic approach to tetrodotoxin (TTX), one of the most famous marine toxins that, after first preparing a functionalized linear substrate, forms a cyclohexane core from the substrate utilizing our mercuric triflate (Hg(OTf)2)-catalyzed cycloisomerization reaction. The concept was applied to the synthesis of 11-nor-6,7,8-trideoxyTTX and 11-nor-4,9-anhydro-6,7,8-trideoxyTTX, which are unnatural TTX analogues, demonstrating the validity of our new approach.A novel synthesis of 2,3-substituted benzothiophenes is reported, involving a tandem base-mediated condensation of o-iodoarylacetonitriles/acetates/ketones with (hetero)aryldithioesters and an intramolecular C-S bond formation. The reaction affords diversely substituted benzothiophenes and heterofused thiophenes in excellent yields.The nature of chemical bonding in actinide compounds (molecular complexes and materials) remains elusive in many respects. A thorough analysis of their electron charge distribution can prove decisive in elucidating bonding trends and oxidation states along the series. However, the accurate determination and robust analysis of the charge density of actinide compounds pose several challenges from both experimental and theoretical perspectives. Significant advances have recently been made on the experimental reconstruction and topological analysis of the charge density of actinide materials [Gianopoulos et al. IUCrJ, 2019, 6, 895]. Here, we discuss complementary advances on the theoretical side, which allow for the accurate determination of the charge density of actinide materials from quantum-mechanical simulations in the bulk. In particular, the extension of the Topond software implementing Bader's quantum theory of atoms in molecules and crystals (QTAIMAC) to f- and g-type basis functions is introduced, which allows for an effective study of lanthanides and actinides in the bulk and in vacuo, on the same grounds.
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