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Using Radiosensitizers within Cancer malignancy Radiotherapy.
As a new analytical method for identifying marine oil slicks, the primary function of the polarization scattering model is to determine the intensity of polarized scattered light from different oil spill zones. In the polarized light path, the energy reduction is mainly due to the scattering characteristics of the surface of the sample to be tested. To quantify equivalence, we define the polarized scattering rate (PSR). The PSR describes the probability that linearly polarized incident photons scatter into the unit solid angle in the direction of scattering from the target surface. In order to verify the applicability of the model, we applied it to detect an actual oil spill at sea in the case of simulated sunlight. The research indicates that the PSR only characterizes the amplitude conversion between the polarized scattering wave and the incident wave and is not affected by the polarization characteristics of the incident wave, thus reflecting the true polarization characteristics of the target itself. The PSR of crude oil and seawater depends not only on the physical properties of the target itself, but also on the observation conditions, such as relative attitude orientation, spatial geometric position relationship, and the working frequency of equipment and instruments.We investigate the influence of third-order dispersion of dispersive elements, three-photon absorption and free-carrier effects on mid-infrared time magnification via four-wave mixing (FWM) in $rm Si_0.8rm Ge_0.2$Si0.8Ge0.2 waveguides. It is found that the magnified waveform is seriously distorted by these factors, and conversion efficiency is decreased, mainly because of nonlinear absorption. A time lens based on FWM in $rm Si_0.8rm Ge_0.2$Si0.8Ge0.2 waveguides is proposed for time magnification of mid-infrared ultrashort pulses, in which the low-distortion, high-magnification in the time domain could be obtained by optimizing system parameters. These results make it possible to analyze the transient dynamic process through oscilloscopes and detectors with gigahertz bandwidth and have important applications in ultrafast process analysis, optical pulse sampling, and optical communications.Nowadays, nanowire gratings are widely used in various applications such as imaging sensors and high-resolution microscopes. Cytoskeletal Signaling inhibitor Structure parameters are the main factors that affect the optical performance of the gratings. This work aims to present the influence of the linewidth of pixelated aluminum nanowire gratings with a fixed period on the transmittance and extinction ratio in the visible region. By controlling the exposure doses of electron beam lithography (EBL), different linewidths of pixelated aluminum nanowire gratings with a period of 170 nm were fabricated. The significant effects of linewidth difference on the polarization performance were verified by the simulations of finite-difference time-domain (FDTD) software. The simulations were divided into two parts the discussion of the pure aluminum without considering oxidation and the discussion of the surface aluminum being oxidized into the aluminum oxide. An optical system was built to evaluate the performance of the fabricated structures. The results show that the trends of the measurement results are consistent with that of simulation. This work will give a guide to the fabrication and evaluation of the nanowire gratings.The reaction force of a fast steering mirror (FSM) directly transmits to the FSM's base, leading to dynamic coupling interference to the optical platform and degradation of laser beam quality in an adaptive optics system. In this paper a $Phi 320;rm mm$Φ320mm aperture symmetrically arranged reactionless FSM actuated by piezoelectric actuators was proposed. The corresponding dynamic equation about reaction force was established by rotational equation of Newton's second law, and the equilibrium condition of reaction force compensation was deduced. Then, the finite element (FE) piezoelectric-coupling method was used to simulate dynamic characteristics, which shows that the elimination ratios of the reaction force are 99% at low frequency (at 50 Hz) and 94.1% at high frequency (at 120 Hz). The experimental results show that the first resonance frequency of the FSM is 159.82 Hz, the tilting angle is $pm 1.3^prime$±1.3', the reaction force at high frequency (at 120 Hz) is 112.95 N, and the elimination ratio of reaction force is 90.14%. The simulation and corresponding test results indicate that the developed reactionless FSM significantly eliminates reaction force and therefore improve the FSM's stability and pointing accuracy.A reconfigurable multiwavelength erbium-doped fiber laser based on an all-fiber multimode interferometer (MMI) is proposed and experimentally demonstrated. The interferometer is constructed by sandwiching a section of highly germanium-doped fiber (HGDF) between two sections of single-mode fiber. The insertion loss of the interferometer is as low as 2 dB. Due to the polarization-dependent spectral filtering effect formed by the MMI, by rotating the intracavity polarization controller, the laser output can be switched among single-, dual-, and triple-wavelength lasing states with optical signal-to-noise ratio up to 50 dB. In particular, the obtained dual-wavelength state shows high stability with wavelength shift within $ pm 0.04;rm nm$±0.04nm, wavelength spacing variation within $ pm 0.03;rm nm$±0.03nm, and power fluctuation within $ pm 0.04;rm dB$±0.04dB by monitoring the output spectra over 8 h at room temperature. By changing the length of the HGDF, the wavelength spacing can also be flexibly manipulated. Taking the advantages of reconfiguration, low cost, and easy fabrication, this fiber laser may have great potential in various optical applications.Today, one of the key challenges of graphene devices is establishing fabrication processes that can ensure performance stability and repeatability and that can eventually enable production in high volumes. In this paper, we use up-scalable fabrication processes to demonstrate three five-channel wavelength-division multiplexing (WDM) transmitters, each based on five graphene-silicon electro-absorption modulators. A passivation-first approach is used to encapsulate graphene, which results in hysteresis-free and uniform performance across the five channels of each WDM transmitter, for a total of 15 modulators. Open-eye diagrams are obtained at 25 Gb/s using $ 2.5;rm V_rm pp $2.5Vpp, thus demonstrating potential for multi-channel data transmission at $5times 25;rm Gb/s$5×25Gb/s on each of the three WDM transmitters.
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