Notes

Renal pelvic split: An incident document of the unexpected trigger.
Cost-effective production of the highly effective anti-cancer drug, paclitaxel (Taxol
), remains limited despite growing global demands. Low yields of the critical taxadiene precursor remains a key bottleneck in microbial production. In this study, the key challenge of poor taxadiene synthase (TASY) solubility in S. cerevisiae was revealed, and the strains were strategically engineered to relieve this bottleneck.

Multi-copy chromosomal integration of TASY harbouring a selection of fusion solubility tags improved taxadiene titres 22-fold, up to 57 ± 3mg/L at 30°C at microscale, compared to expressing a single episomal copy of TASY. The scalability of the process was highlighted through achieving similar titres during scale up to 25mL and 250mL in shake flask and bioreactor cultivations, respectively at 20 and 30°C. Maximum taxadiene titres of 129 ± 15mg/L and 127mg/L were achieved through shake flask and bioreactor cultivations, respectively, of the optimal strain at a reduced temperature of 20°C.

The results of this study highlight the benefit of employing a combination of molecular biology and bioprocess tools during synthetic pathway development, with which TASY activity was successfully improved by 6.5-fold compared to the highest literature titre in S. cerevisiae cell factories.
The results of this study highlight the benefit of employing a combination of molecular biology and bioprocess tools during synthetic pathway development, with which TASY activity was successfully improved by 6.5-fold compared to the highest literature titre in S. cerevisiae cell factories.
There is little information on the social perception of malaria and the use of preventative measures in Gabon, especially in rural areas. Adequate knowledge of malaria prevention and control can help in reducing the burden of malaria among vulnerable groups, particularly pregnant women and children under 5 years old living in malaria-endemic settings. This study was designed to assess the prevalence of malaria and the knowledge and attitude towards this disease in households in Nyanga Province.

A cross-sectional study was conducted to assess malaria knowledge, prevention practices and prevalence of the malaria infection in five departments of Nyanga Province. Plasmodial infection was diagnosed in children  ≤ 5years of age and women aged 15-49years using rapid diagnostic tests. A questionnaire was administered randomly to women aged 15-49years and to the parents or guardians of children aged ≤ 5years in 535 households during a 2-week period in March 2018. Overall, the respondents' socio-demographic charact measures, the incidence of malaria remains relatively high in this rural community highlighting the need for other types of interventions.
High malaria prevalence is found in the departmental capital cities of Nyanga Province. This study reveals that respondents have a high knowledge of the malaria symptoms, its mode of transmission and preventive measures. Despite this high level of knowledge of the disease and its preventive measures, the incidence of malaria remains relatively high in this rural community highlighting the need for other types of interventions.
COVID - 19 pandemic pressured medical schools globally to shift to Distance learning (DL) as an alternative way to ensure that the content delivered is satisfactory for student progression.

This work aims at mapping priorities for post-COVID planning for better balance between distance learning and face to face learning.

This qualitative study aimed to develop a model for utilizing DL using The Polarity Approach for Continuity and Transformation (PACT)™. A virtual mapping session was held with 79 faculty from 19 countries. They worked in small groups to determine upsides and downsides of face-to-face and DL subsequently. An initial polarity map was generated identifying five tension areas; Faculty, Students, Curriculum, Social aspects and Logistics. A 63-item assessment tool was generated based on this map, piloted and then distributed as a self-administered assessment. The outcomes of this assessment were utilized for another mapping session to discuss warning signs and action steps to maintain upsidesdynamics of education within the context of polarities. Educators need to understand that the choice of DL, although was imposed as a no-alternative solution during the COVID era, yet it has always existed as a possible alternative and will continue to exist after this era. The value of polarity mapping and leveraging allows us to maximize the benefit of each method and guide educators' decisions to minimize the downsides for the good of the learning process.
In order to plan for the future, we need to understand the dynamics of education within the context of polarities. Educators need to understand that the choice of DL, although was imposed as a no-alternative solution during the COVID era, yet it has always existed as a possible alternative and will continue to exist after this era. The value of polarity mapping and leveraging allows us to maximize the benefit of each method and guide educators' decisions to minimize the downsides for the good of the learning process.
Physiology is a subject that is considered difficult; it is associated with academic failure and causes high levels of stress and anxiety in students.

This study compared the effectiveness of a traditional lecture-based methodology with that of a flipped classroom scheme focusing on cooperative ludic learning among gastrointestinal and renal physiology students. selleckchem Two groups were subjected to these two different methods to teach gastrointestinal and renal physiology content divided into 14 topics. Additionally, two subgroups were identified in each group entrants and repeaters. There were no differences in age or gender between the subgroups.

Levels of self-perceived stress (measured by the SISCO scale), biological stress (measured by awakening salivary cortisol levels), and anxiety (measured by the Zung scale) were high in all of the students; the cortisol levels increased in the entrants and some of the scores in SISCO scale increased in the repeaters, throughout the study. The self-reported study time was longer in the students subjected to the flipped classroom-based method.
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