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Knowing Place Social network Technique: Staying away from Unhealthy Microbiota yet Getting in touch with Beneficials.
The stomatal characteristics were differently affected by the irrigation method. Drip-irrigated spinach leaves showed significantly lower stomatal density in the abaxial epidermis and smaller stomatal size in the adaxial side compared to spray-irrigation treatment. Nevertheless, the latter deteriorated traits related to fresh produce quality and safety for human consumption; both the abundance of leaf-attached microorganisms and the MCs bioaccumulation in edible tissues well exceeded the corresponding values of drip-irrigated spinach with MC-rich water. The results highlight the significance of both the use of MCs-contaminated water in vegetable production and the irrigation method in shaping plant responses as well as health risk due to human and livestock exposure to MCs.Marine phytoplankton absorption plays an important role in oceanic biological productivity and ecological environmental dynamics. Understanding the optical absorption variability associated with phytoplanktonic groups still remains a challenge. In this study, samples (n = 206) were collected for the marginal seas of the northwest Pacific Ocean from six cruise surveys that covered different seasons. Using in situ parameters, including phytoplankton absorption coefficients and concentrations of the phytoplanktonic groups derived from phytoplankton pigments collected with high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), we developed a Gaussian model to characterize the specific absorption spectra of eight phytoplanktonic groups, including diatoms, chlorophytes, cryptophytes, cyanobacteria, prymnesiophytes, prasinophytes, dinoflagellates, and chrysophytes, without the package effect. The model was established by accurately identifying for the numbers and locations of the Gaussian peaks and their corresponding half-wave widths. The proposed model produced promising results, and a leave-one-out cross validation generated R2 values exceeding 0.7 for the whole visible light range and above 0.85 (correspondingly MAPE less then 40%) for the simulated wave bands, excluding the range of 550-650 nm. Meanwhile, a comparison with several spectra observed in the lab showed a high degree of similarity, indicative of the superior performance of our model. Applying the documented specific absorption spectra to the investigated water bodies (whether water surface or profiles) enabled us to quantify the absorption coefficients from different phytoplanktonic groups and characterize their relative contributions to the total. The findings of this study support our understanding of the dynamics of phytoplankton community structure with optical data.The interactive effects of both biochar (BC) and electrochemistry (EC) can affect nitrogen (N) removal process. However, little is known about how this function in constructed wetland (CW) systems. In this study, an electrochemically (EC) coupled BC-amended saturated subsurface vertical flow constructed wetland (BECW) systems were established to enhance nitrogen (N) removal. Other three CW systems without BC and EC (CW); with EC only (ECW); and with BC only (BCW) were performed as controls. Results indicated that the total nitrogen (59.88%-93.03%) and nitrate‑nitrogen (83.14%-100%) of the BECW system were significantly enhanced (p less then 0.05) compared with the control systems. Treated WWTP tail-water could meet Class-IV of the Surface Water Quality Standard (GB3838-2002) in China by the BECW system. The enhanced N removal in the BECW system could be attributed to (1) the autotrophic denitrification process in which H2 and Fe2+ provided by the cathode and anode acted as electron donors; and (2) BC addition acting as substrate could improve the activity, diversity and richness of microorganisms. Microbial community analysis further indicated that high N removal in the BECW system was significantly dependent on the synergy between the heterotrophic and autotrophic denitrifiers, facilitated by BC and EC interaction. Results illustrate that the BECW system is a feasible and eco-sustainable technology for treating low C/N tail-water from WWTPs. This work provides a novel and fundamental understanding of the electrochemically coupled biochar-amended CW system. These results could serve as a theoretical basis for the engineered applications in the deep purification of WWTPs' tail-water.Modern breeding efforts have been accelerating crop improvement and yielding numerous cultivars with distinct genetic traits; however, interactions between different cultivars and their root-associated arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi (AMF) are not clear. Herein, we selected the 22 most common commercial maize (Zea mays) varieties in China and an inbred line (B73) to study the differential responses of these 23 cultivars to mycorrhizal inoculation when grown in an arable soil polluted by multiple metals (Pb, Zn, and Cd). We found that the different cultivars exhibited significant variations in plant metal accumulation, ranging from strong metal exclusion (ZYY9) to strong metal accumulation (B73). Mycorrhizal colonization substantially altered metal uptake and repartitioning, while bioaugmenting the inherent characteristics of metal accumulation; for example, the AMF enhanced leaf accumulation of the metal-accumulator B73, and markedly reduced the root uptake of the metal-excluder ZYY9. BAL-0028 molecular weight However, such AMF-induced alterations were also substantially dependent on plant organs (roots and shoots) and metal species. We found that the extent of the AMF-induced leaf alterations was substantially greater than that of the root alterations. Similarly, the number of instances where the AMF significantly altered the Zn and Cd accumulation was far higher than the number of instances where Pb accumulation was significantly altered by AMF. In addition, the presence of AMF appeared to trigger the maize antioxidant systems, which may have alleviated the toxicity of excessive Cd, increased the leaf chlorophyll content, augmented the net photosynthetic rate, and promoted the growth of 17.39% of the maize cultivars. Our results suggest that a future crop breeding challenge is to produce cultivars for safe production or phytoremediation, thereby optimizing the combinations of crop cultivars and their root-associated AMF in slightly to moderately metal-polluted arable soils.
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