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Sub-Doppler Double-Resonance Spectroscopy associated with Methane Using a Rate of recurrence Brush Probe.
We observed a highly significant, threefold difference in axon growth rate from neurons that differentiate from precursor cells cultured early and late during the period of neurogenesis. Our findings suggest that intrinsic differences in axon growth rate are correlated with the neuronal birth date. © 2020 The Authors. Developmental Neurobiology published by Wiley Periodicals LLC.BACKGROUND Cholera has harmful effects on the foetus but safety data of the oral cholera vaccine in pregnant women is controversial. MSC2530818 OBJECTIVES We conducted the first meta-analysis of studies in pregnant women comparing the effect of oral cholera vaccination on pregnancy outcomes compared to unvaccinated women. Outcomes of interest were adverse pregnancy outcome, miscarriage, stillbirth, preterm delivery, low birth weight, abortion, and malformation. SEARCH STRATEGY The search was run in MEDLINE/PubMed, SCOPUS, and Embase databases from inception up to December2019. SELECTION CRITERIA Inclusion criteria were 1)studies that investigated the association between oral cholera vaccines and adverse pregnancy outcomes; 2)studies that reported outcomes with appropriate estimates; and 3)studies that contained an unvaccinated control group. DATA COLLECTION AND ANALYSIS A random-effects model(DerSimonian and Laird) was run to evalute the overall treatment effect(RRs). The PRISMA statement was followed in reporting this meta-analysis. MAIN RESULTS Five studies included in meta-analysis with 5,584 women (2,920 exposed and 2,664 not exposed). No significant increase in adverse pregnancy outcome (RR1.03,95%CI0.79,1.34), or miscarriage (RR1.15,95%CI0.84, 1.57), or stillbirth (RR1.11,95%CI0.69,1.80) following Cholera Vaccine administration was found compared to control group. There was also no association with an increased risk of preterm delivery (RR0.61,95%CI0.35,1.06) low birth weight (RR0.84,95%CI0.56,1.26), accidental abortion (RR1.02,95%CI0.77,1.35), and malformation(RR0.70,95%CI0.22,2.25). CONCLUSIONS This study shows no evidence of an association among oral cholera vaccination and adverse pregnancy outcomes. The findings do not rigorously exclude the possibility that the vaccine protocol may result in some degree of harm. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Bacterial infections are an important threat in the early post-liver transplantation period. Donor-transmitted infections, although rare, can have high mortality. The utility of routine culture from the donor bile duct as screening of donor-transmitted infection has not been evaluated. We performed a retrospective study of 200 consecutive liver transplants between 2010 and 2015. Demographic, clinical, and microbiological data were collected from the recipients' medical records. Clinical data included pretransplantation, perioperative, and posttransplantation information (until 30 days after the procedure). Three-month patient survival and/or retransplantation were recorded. A total of 157 samples from the donor bile duct were collected and cultured. Only 8 were positive. The microorganisms isolated were as follows 2 Klebsiella pneumoniae, 1 Escherichia coli, 1 Enterobacter cloacae, 1 Streptococcus anginosus, 1 Streptococcus sp, 1 multiple gram-negative bacilli, and 1 polymicrobial. All the microorganisms were susceptible to the antibiotic prophylaxis administered. During the first month after transplantation, 81 recipients developed 131 infections. Only 1 of these recipients had a donor with positive bile culture, and none of the infections were due to the microorganism isolated in the donor's bile. Three-month overall survival was 89.5%, and there were no differences between recipients with positive donor bile culture and those with negative donor bile culture (87.5% vs. 89.26%; P > 0.99). CONCLUSION Routine testing of donor bile culture does not predict recipients' infection or survival after liver transplantation and should not be recommended. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES This study aimed to compare the quality of life (QOL) of patients, clinical results of the recipient site and morbidities of the donor site between the use of free anterolateral thigh flaps (ALTFs) and radial forearm flaps (RFFs) for reconstruction of full cheek defects following tumor resection. MATERIALS AND METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 52 patients who underwent reconstruction of full cheek defects using free ALTFs and free RFFs following tumor ablation at our center. The range of mouth opening, speech, swallowing, facial appearance, donor site complications, and subjective symptoms based on the University of Washington Quality of Life(UW-QOL) questionnaires findings were assessed in the ALTF and RFF groups at 3, 12, and 36 months after surgery. RESULTS QOL, range of mouth opening, facial appearance, mood and anxiety, donor site appearance,subjective feeling, and functional impairment were better in the ALTF group than in the RFF group based on the physical examination findings and questionnaire scores. CONCLUSION This study found better QOL, and better functional results at the recipient site and minor morbidities at the donor site with the use of free ALTFs in the reconstruction of full cheek defects. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.Transmission of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) is a considerable risk during emergency colorectal surgery in a pandemic epicenter. It is well known that the primary route of SARS-CoV-2 transmission is through respiratory droplets. However, little is known about shedding of the virus in bodily fluids and associated risks. Although the current moratorium on elective surgery addresses multiple ongoing concerns, including the management of precious resources as well as unknown exposure risks, surgeons undeniably must face and mitigate risks related to exposure to patient airway management-related aerosols, bodily fluids, surgical smoke, contaminated insufflation, and specimen handling in emergency colorectal surgery. Given the significant concern of airborne transmission, the authors recommend conventional, in lieu of laparoscopic, access in emergency colorectal surgery in a COVID-19 pandemic epicenter.
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