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Electromagnetic transducers using a balanced armature play an important role in hearing aids and in-ear headphones because they generate required sound output at high efficiency. This paper investigates the transfer behavior at high amplitudes and develops a lumped parameter model of this transducer that considers the nonlinearities caused by the geometry and material properties. This model is a basis for optimal transducer design, adjusting the armature in production and actively canceling the nonlinear distortion through nonlinear, adaptive control.The acoustic vortex wave has exhibited high-potential applications such as communication. In this work, the authors propose an efficient method for quantitatively measuring the topological charge of an acoustic vortex through two kinds of annular apertures an annular triangle aperture and an annular ellipse aperture. It is found that the characteristics of the diffraction pattern in the far-field are well related with the shape of apertures and the topological charges of the acoustic vortex wave. Therefore, the topological charge of acoustic vortex beams can be determined from the diffraction patterns, which provide an effective method for measuring the topological charge of acoustic vortex beams.The analysis of fluid-structure coupled waveforms and the attenuation of these waveforms in a flexible waveguide is carried out. The physical configuration contains an expansion chamber connected by an extended inlet/outlet by means of vertical lined flanges. The governing boundary value problem is solved by using Mode-Matching (MM) technique. The associated eigen expansions of field potentials include non-orthogonal eigenfunctions and the related eigen-sub-systems are classified in the non-Sturm Liouville category, whereby the use of generalized orthogonal characteristics has ensured the point-wise convergence of solution. The low frequency approximation (LFA) which relies on the limited propagating modes is developed and is compared with MM solution. In the low frequency regime, a good agreement between MM and LFA results is found. Furthermore, the numerical experiments are performed to analyze the effects of absorbent linings and edge conditions on the attenuation of flexural modes. The guiding structure is exited with the structure-borne mode incident as well as the fluid-borne mode incident. It is found that the use of edge conditions and the absorbent linings significantly affect the attenuation of structure-borne mode and fluid-borne mode, respectively.The previous hospital acoustic literature has highlighted some important considerations and various complexities regarding objective noise measurements. However, extensive use of conventional acoustical metrics such as logarithmically averaged equivalent sound pressure levels (Leq) do not sufficiently describe hospital acoustical environments and often lack considerations of the room-based activity status that can significantly influence the soundscape. The goal of this study was to explore utilizing statistical clustering techniques in healthcare settings with a particular aim of identifying room-activity conditions. The acoustic measurements were conducted in the patient rooms of two pediatric hospital units and subsequently classified based on two room-activity conditions-active and non-active conditions-by applying statistical clustering analyses with standard k-means and fuzzy c-means algorithms. The results of this study demonstrate the most probable noise levels and degree of associations of the measured noise levels for the two room-activity conditions. The results were further validated in terms of the clustered levels, the number of conditions, and parameter dependency. The clustering approach allows for a more thorough soundscape characterization than single-number level descriptors alone by providing a method of identifying and describing the noise levels associated with typical, intrinsic activity conditions experienced by occupants.This paper describes a preliminary method for the classification of annealed and unannealed polyetherketoneketone (PEKK) components manufactured using a material extrusion three-dimensional (3D) printing process. PEKK is representative of a class of high-performance thermoplastics that are increasingly employed as feedstocks for use in 3D printing. PEKK components may be used continuously at elevated temperatures, are chemically resistant, and able to withstand large mechanical loads. These properties render PEKK suitable as a metal component replacement in aerospace applications, high-temperature industrial applications, and surgical implants. The structure of PEKK is semi-crystalline with the specific crystallinity correlating to the final properties during application, making determination of this property crucial. This study compares three different signal processing techniques intended to distinguish annealed (high crystallinity) from unannealed (low crystallinity) components using backscattered ultrasound. The first is energy-based and is unable to detect annealing. The second two are based on different entropies of the backscattered signal a limiting form of Renyi's entropy and a limiting form of joint entropy. The joint entropy values for the annealed and unannealed specimens fall into two non-overlapping intervals and have a statistical separation of two standard deviations.The research reported is part of a larger effort to develop models to predict community response to transient sounds, including sonic booms. Such models can be used along with aircraft sound predictions to guide the design of supersonic aircraft to produce generally acceptable sounds. A test was conducted to examine the influence of low frequencies on people's responses to recorded and simulated booms and other environmental transients, heard indoors over earphones. The results of this test and a companion test conducted in a sonic boom simulator were compared to see if the playback environment affected responses. Annoyance models were also examined. E-weighted Sound Exposure level (ESEL) was the sound metric most highly correlated to mean annoyance with B-weighted Sound Exposure Level (BSEL) and Perceived Level performing similarly. selleck compound Predictions were improved by including Heaviness, Duration, and rate of change of Loudness in models with a loudness metric. Models were also estimated by using the average responses from both tests and metrics generated from outdoor versions of the sounds.
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