Notes

Origins involving Insulating Ferromagnetism inside Iron Oxychalcogenide Ce_2O_2FeSe_2.
The goal of this study was to identify differentially expressed genes (DEGs) responsible for peanut plant (Arachis hypogaea) defence against Puccinia arachidis (causative agent of rust disease). Genes were identified using a high-throughput RNA-sequencing strategy. In total, 86,380,930 reads were generated from RNA-Seq data of two peanut genotypes, JL-24 (susceptible), and GPBD-4 (resistant). Gene Ontology (GO) and KEGG analysis of DEGs revealed essential genes and their pathways responsible for defence response to P. arachidis. DEGs uniquely upregulated in resistant genotype included pathogenesis-related (PR) proteins, MLO such as protein, ethylene-responsive factor, thaumatin, and F-box, whereas, other genes down-regulated in susceptible genotype were Caffeate O-methyltransferase, beta-glucosidase, and transcription factors (WRKY, bZIP, MYB). Moreover, various genes, such as Chitinase, Cytochrome P450, Glutathione S-transferase, and R genes such as NBS-LRR were highly up-regulated in the resistant genotype, indicating their involvement in the plant defence mechanism. RNA-Seq analysis data were validated by RT-qPCR using 15 primer sets derived from DEGs producing high correlation value (R 2 = 0.82). AS601245 A total of 4511 EST-SSRs were identified from the unigenes, which can be useful in evaluating genetic diversity among genotypes, QTL mapping, and plant variety improvement through marker-assisted breeding. These findings will help to understand the molecular defence mechanisms of the peanut plant in response to P. arachidis infection.Ethnicity, geography, and dietary habits are known to have dominant roles in modulating the gut microbiota. Two major ethnic groups Ahom and Bodo in the north-east of India consume traditionally prepared rice beer which contains various microbes and substances that promote the growth of such microbes, known as prebiotics. This study aimed to understand the effect of traditionally prepared rice beer on gut microbiota. A total of 134 (67 from each group) volunteers including non-drinkers and drinkers from three locations were recruited. Fecal and blood samples were collected to study fecal bacterial and metabolite profiles and biochemical markers, respectively. Amplicon 16S rRNA gene sequencing (region V3-V4) by next-generation sequencing showed similar alpha and beta diversities in both the ethnic groups. However, with rice beer consumption the abundance of Firmicutes, Bacteroidetes, Fusobacteria phyla was higher in the drinkers (p less then 0.05) of Ahom whereas only Firmicutes were higher in Bodo ethnic group. At the genus level, the bacterial abundance of Faecalibacterium and Roseburia were lower in the drinkers (p less then 0.05) of both communities. Gas chromatography-mass spectrometry for the detection of fecal metabolites also revealed lower butyric acid in the feces of drinkers (p less then 0.05). This study showed the effects of traditionally prepared rice beer on human gut microbiota and fecal metabolites. Further research is required to understand their effect on health.Diseases caused by begomoviruses are becoming the major limiting factors for the production of watermelon in India. Survey for the incidence of plants showing symptoms typical to begomovirus infection was conducted in watermelon fields. The study revealed that 40% of the watermelon plants were showing the yellowing and downward curling symptoms. Twenty infected samples were collected from the different farmer's fields to know the association of begomoviruses. The PCR amplification using begomovirus-specific primers resulted in an expected 1.2 kb PCR product indicating the begomovirus association with the watermelon samples. The sequence comparison results of 1.2 kb representing partial genome revealed that all sequences obtained from watermelon samples have a nucleotide (nt) identity of more than 98% among them and are maximum homology with Tomato leaf curl New Delhi virus (ToLCNDV). One watermelon sample (WM1) was selected for complete genome amplification using RCA method (rolling-circle amplification). Amp from India and World based on complete genome sequencing.Drought is one of the major constraints in wheat production and causes a huge loss at grain-filling stage. In this study we highlighted the response of different wheat genotypes under drought stress at the grain-filling stage. Field experiments were conducted to evaluate 72 wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) genotypes under two water regimes irrigated and drought condition. Four wheat genotypes, two each of drought tolerant (IC36761A, IC128335) and drought-susceptible category (IC335732 and IC138852) were selected on the basis of agronomic traits and drought susceptibility index (DSI), to understand their morphological, biochemical and molecular basis of drought stress tolerance. Among agronomic traits, productive tillers followed by biomass had high percent reduction under drought stress, thus drought stress had a great impact. Antioxidant activity (AO), total phenolic and proline content were found to be significantly higher in IC128335 genotype. Differential expression pattern of transcription factors of ten genes revealed that transcription factor qTaWRKY2 followed by qTaDREB, qTaEXPB23 and qTaAPEX might be utilized for developing wheat varieties resistant to drought stress. Understanding the role of TFs would be helpful to decipher the molecular mechanism involved in drought stress. Identified genotypes (IC128335 and IC36761A) may be useful as parental material for future breeding program to generate new drought-tolerant varieties.In this study, we applied a series of genetic modifications to wild-type S. cerevisiae strain BY4741 to address the bottlenecks in the l-tyrosine pathway. A tyrosine ammonia-lyase (TAL) gene from Rhodobacter capsulatus, which can catalyze conversion of l-tyrosine into p-coumaric acid, was overexpressed to facilitate the analysis of l-tyrosine and test the strain's capability to synthesize heterologous derivatives. First, we enhanced the supply of precursors by overexpressing transaldolase gene TAL1, enolase II gene ENO2, and pentafunctional enzyme gene ARO1 resulting in a 1.55-fold increase in p-coumaric acid production. Second, feedback inhibition of 3-deoxy-d-arabino-heptulosonate-7-phosphate synthase and chorismate mutase was relieved by overexpressing the mutated feedback-resistant ARO4 K229L and ARO7 G141S , and a 3.61-fold improvement of p-coumaric acid production was obtained. Finally, formation of byproducts was decreased by deleting pyruvate decarboxylase gene PDC5 and phenylpyruvate decarboxylase gene ARO10, and p-coumaric acid production was increased 2.
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