Notes

Sentiment circle density in burnout.
The ultra-high risk (UHR) paradigm allows early contact with patients developing acute psychosis and the study of treatment effects on the underlying pathology.

29 patients with first acute psychosis according to CAARMS criteria (transition patients, TP) (T0) and thereof 22 patients after two-year follow-up (mean 788d) (T1) underwent
H-/
P-MR spectroscopy of the prefrontal (DLPFC) and anterior midcingulate (aMCC) cortices and the thalamus. N-acetylaspartate (NAA), glutamate (Glu, Glx), energy (PCr, ATP) and phospholipid metabolites (PME, PDE) were compared to 27 healthy controls by ANCOVA and correlated with patients' symptom ratings (BPRS-E, SCL-90R). For longitudinal analysis, linear mixed model (LMM) and ANCOVA for repeated measures were used.

DLPFC In patients, NAA and PME were decreased bilaterally and Glu on the left side at T0. Left-sided Glu and NAA (trend) and bilateral Glx increased during follow-up. Thalamus In TP, bilateral NAA, left-sided Glu and right-sided Glx were decreased at T0; bilateral NAA and left-sided Glx increased during follow-up. aMCC In TP, bilateral NAA, right-sided Glu, and bilateral PME and PDE were decreased, while left-sided PCr was increased at T0. No changes were observed during follow-up.

Regardless of the long-term diagnosis, the psychotic state of illness includes disturbed neuronal function in the DLPFC, thalamus and aMCC. Treatment-as-usual (TAU), including antipsychotic/antidepressant medication and supportive psychotherapy, had an effect on the thalamo-frontal area but not or less pronounced on the neurometabolic deficits of the aMCC.
Regardless of the long-term diagnosis, the psychotic state of illness includes disturbed neuronal function in the DLPFC, thalamus and aMCC. Treatment-as-usual (TAU), including antipsychotic/antidepressant medication and supportive psychotherapy, had an effect on the thalamo-frontal area but not or less pronounced on the neurometabolic deficits of the aMCC.
While Cognitive Remediation (CR) is effective in reducing cognitive and functioning difficulties in people with schizophrenia, there is variability in treatment response. Previous research suggested that participants' age may be a significant moderator of CR response.

To examine the impact of participants' age on CR outcomes.

Individual participant data were accessed from fourteen CR randomised controlled trials. We tested the moderating effect of participants' age on cognitive and functioning outcomes using multivariate linear models.

Data from 1084 people with a diagnosis of schizophrenia were considered. Participants had a mean age of 36.6 years (SD 11), with 11.6 years of education (SD 2.8), and an average duration of illness of 13.5 years (SD 10.7). Multivariate models showed that participants' age, when considered as a continuous variable, was not a significant moderator of treatment effect for cognitive and functioning outcomes. However, when participants were split by median age, younger participants showed higher gains in executive functions following CR compared to older participants (p=0.02).

These results suggest that participants' age does not moderate most CR outcomes. However, larger age differences may influence the effect of CR on executive function. This may suggest some adaptation of CR practice according to participants' age. These findings inform the CR personalisation agenda.
These results suggest that participants' age does not moderate most CR outcomes. However, larger age differences may influence the effect of CR on executive function. This may suggest some adaptation of CR practice according to participants' age. These findings inform the CR personalisation agenda.While the long-term administration of antipsychotics is known to cause dopamine supersensitivity psychosis (DSP), recent studies revealed that DSP helps form the foundation of treatment resistance. Electroconvulsive shock (ES) is one of the more effective treatments for treatment-resistant schizophrenia. The objective of this study was to examine whether repeated ES can release rats from dopamine supersensitivity states such as striatal dopamine D2 receptor (DRD2) up-regulation and voluntary hyperlocomotion following chronic administration of haloperidol (HAL). HAL (0.75 mg/kg/day) was administered for 14 days via mini-pumps implanted in rats, and DRD2 density and voluntary locomotion were measured one day after drug cessation to confirm the development of dopamine supersensitivity. The rats with or without dopamine supersensitivity received repeated ES or sham treatments, and then DRD2 density was assessed and a voluntary locomotion test was performed. Chronic treatment with HAL led to the up-regulation of striatal DRD2 and hyperlocomotion in the rats one day after drug cessation. We thus confirmed that these rats experienced a dopamine supersensitivity state. Moreover, after repeated ES, locomotor activity and DRD2 density in the DSP model rats fell to the control level, while an ES sham operation had no effect on the dopamine supersensitivity state. The present study suggests that repeated ES could release DSP model rats from dopamine supersensitivity states. ES may be helpful for patients with DSP.
Quadriceps strength recovery after anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) reconstruction is an important criterion for progress in rehabilitation and return to sports. The purpose of this study was to determine whether quadriceps strength to body weight ratio (QS/BW) is a significant indicator for initiating jogging after ACL reconstruction.

Isokinetic quadriceps strength at 60°/s was measured and a jogging trial was completed 3months after ACL reconstruction with hamstring tendon autograft in 83 patients (36 male, 47 female; mean age, 26.6±12.4years). Based on the jogging trial results, patients were assigned to either a successful jogging group (mean velocity≥9km/h) or an unsuccessful jogging group (mean velocity<9km/h). CA3 order The association between QS/BW and successful jogging after surgery was investigated by multivariate logistic regression analysis and the cut-off value was determined by receiver operating characteristic analysis.

Forty-four patients (53.0%) were assigned to the successful jogging group and 39 (47.
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