Notes

Grow Hormone-Mediated Regulation of Heat Threshold in Response to Global Climate Change.
The CDS is a self-report instrument with initial evidence for its validity and reliability. It is a promising tool to identify the triggers of disgust in colostomy contexts, which can be of great importance for promoting the mental health of colostomy patients.Podocytes are highly specialized cells that play an essential role in maintaining the integrity and function of the glomerular filtration barrier. click here Wilms tumor 1 (WT1) and β-catenin are two master regulators that play opposing roles in podocyte biology and mutually antagonize each other. However, exactly how β-catenin inhibits WT1 remains incompletely understood. In this study, we demonstrated the role of miR-466o-3p in mediating β-catenin-triggered podocyte injury by targeting WT1. The expression of miR-466o-3p was upregulated in cultured podocytes after β-catenin activation and in glomerular podocytes in adriamycin (ADR) nephropathy, remnant kidney after 5/6 renal ablation, and diabetic kidney disease. Bioinformatics analysis and luciferase reporter assay confirmed that miR-466o-3p directly targeted WT1 mRNA. Furthermore, overexpression of miR-466o-3p downregulated WT1 protein and promoted podocyte injury in vitro. Conversely, inhibition of miR-466o-3p alleviated β-catenin-induced podocyte dysfunction. In mouse model of ADR nephropathy, overexpression of miR-466o-3p inhibited WT1, aggravated podocytes injury and deteriorated proteinuria. In contrast, inhibition of renal miR-466o-3p by antagomiR, either prior to or after ADR injection, substantially restored WT1, alleviated podocytes injury and reduced renal fibrosis. These studies reveal a critical role for miR-466o-3p, a novel microRNA that has not been characterized previously, in mediating β-catenin-triggered WT1 inhibition. Our findings also uncover a new pathogenic mechanism by which β-catenin promotes podocyte injury and proteinuria in glomerular diseases.Rupture of Abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) is among the 15 leading causes of death after age 65. Using high frequency ultrasound, we showed that photobiomodulation (PBM) prevents formation and progression of AAA in the angiotensin-II (Ang-II)-infused, apolipoprotein-e-deficient mouse model. In the current study we report that while challenge of porcine aortic Smooth Muscle Cells (SMCs) with Ang-II (1 μM) resulted in a marked decay in mitochondrial membrane potential (MitMP) vs non-challenged cells, treatment with PBM (continuous diode laser, 780 nm, 6.7 mW/cm2 , 5 minutes, 2 J/cm2 ) or pre-incubation with estrogen (50 nM, 1 hour) significantly attenuated this deterioration in MitMP. We also report that PBM and estrogen markedly affected porcine aortic SMC contraction and modified mitochondrial dispersion reflecting important influence on SMC function. These studies provide strong evidence of the important underlying role of mitochondria in the preventive effect of PBM on formation and progression of AAA and its reduced incidence and delayed onset in women.Chronic low back pain (LBP) has high prevalence in the adult population which is associated with enormous disability. Hence, our aim was to further characterise our LBP rat model by using immunohistological and immunohistochemical methods at an advanced stage (day 49) of the model. Male Sprague-Dawley rats were anaesthetised and their lumbar L4/L5 and L5/L6 intervertebral discs (IVDs) were punctured (0.5 mm outer diameter, 2 mm-deep) 10 times per disc. Sham-rats underwent similar surgery, but no discs were punctured. For LBP- but not sham-rats, noxious pressure hyperalgesia was fully developed in the lumbar axial deep tissues on day 21 post-surgery, which was maintained until at least day 49. In the lumbar (L4-L6) dorsal root ganglia (DRGs), somatostatin (SRIF) and the somatostatin receptor type 4 (SST4 receptor) were co-localised with substance P and IB4, markers of small diameter unmyelinated peptidergic and non-peptidergic C-fibres respectively as well as with NF200, a marker of medium to large diameter neurons. On day 49, there was increased expression of SRIF but not the somatostatin receptor type 4 (SST4 receptor) in the lumbar DRGs and the spinal dorsal horns. There were increased DRG expression levels of the putative pro-nociceptive mediators phosphorylated p38 (pp38) mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) and phosphorylated p44/p42 MAPK (pp44/pp42 MAPK) as well as pp38 MAPK expression levels in the lumbar spinal cord. Taken together, the increased expression of SRIF in the lumbar DRGs and spinal cord and its co-localisation with nociceptive fibres in DRG sections suggest a potential role of SRIF in modulating chronic mechanical LBP.
Multiple myeloma (MM) is a potentially incurable haematological malignancy with devastating manifestations including lytic bone lesions leading to fractures and renal insufficiency. As a disease of patients with a mean age of 66years, both the disease and the continuous efforts of treatments lead to frailty and devastation. From this stand point, we aimed to evaluate the development of muscle loss in MM patients and also with a new method of sarcopenia evaluation, F-18 FDG PET/CT. While used for bone disease routinely, this method brings a fresh perspective of metabolic quantitation of alteration of muscles which may be regarded as muscle quality.

Data and images of 105 patients with MM both before and after treatment were evaluated in a retrospective manner.

Both female and male patients were observed to be effected after MM treatment in terms of lumbar and femoral muscle evaluations with CT. Metabolic evaluations confirmed a loss of quality in muscles in terms of metabolic volume and total lesion glycolysis.

Sarcopenia should be evaluated in every patient and regarded as a treatment target. FDG PET/CT is an easy and handy tool to assess muscle mass and quality as well as MM disease status.
Sarcopenia should be evaluated in every patient and regarded as a treatment target. FDG PET/CT is an easy and handy tool to assess muscle mass and quality as well as MM disease status.
Child abuse is a significant cause of morbidity and mortality in preverbal children who cannot explain their injuries. Fractures are among the most common injuries associated with abuse but of themselves fractures may not be recognized as abusive until a comprehensive child abuse evaluation is completed, often prompted by other signs or subjective features. We sought to determine which children presenting with rib or long-bone fractures should undergo a routine abuse evaluation based on age.

A systematic review searching Ovid, PubMed/Medline, Scopus, and CINAHL from 1980 to 2020 was performed. An evidence-based framework was generated by a consensus panel and applied to the results of the systematic review to form recommendations. Fifteen articles were suitable for final analysis.

Studies with comparable age ranges of subjects and sufficient evidence to meet the determination of abuse standard for pediatric patients with rib, humeral, and femoral fractures were identified. Seventy-seven percent of children presenting with rib fractures aged less than 3 years were abused; when those involved in motor vehicle collisions were excluded, 96% were abused.
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