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High-throughput options for successfully creating massive phylogenies from organic background series.
PURPOSE To determine the efficacy, risk factors for failure, and adverse events of a standalone novel ab-externo SIBS microshunt with mitomycin C (MMC) during 1-year follow-up. DESIGN Retrospective, interventional case series. SUBJECTS Glaucomatous eyes with an IOP above target and/or progressing on maximally tolerated medical therapy. METHODS Consecutive patients with open angle glaucoma (OAG) and no previous filtering surgery received an ab-externo SIBS microshunt with MMC from July 2015 to November 2017. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES Proportion of eyes at 1-year with 1) no 2 consecutive IOP readings >17 mmHg or clinical hypotony without (complete) or with glaucoma medications (qualified) and 2) at least a 20% reduction from decision IOP. Ruboxistaurin chemical structure Secondary outcomes included upper IOP thresholds 14 mmHg and 21 mmHg with and without a 20% IOP reduction from baseline, median IOP, medications, risk factors for failure, interventions, complications, and reoperations. RESULTS 164 eyes in 132 patients were included. Complete success was achieved in 76.9% of eyes, qualified in 92.5%. Complete success was 75.6% for an upper IOP cutoff of 14 mmHg and 76.9% for 21 mmHg, and qualified success was 91.9% and 92.5%. MMC dose of 0.2 vs 0.4-0.5 mg/mL (HR 2.51; 95% CI 1.12-5.65) and POAG vs SOAG (HR 2.51; 95% CI 1.01-6.23) represented the only risk factors for failure in multivariable analysis. Needling was performed in 8.5% of eyes. Two eyes received surgical revision, and one a reoperation. CONCLUSIONS One-year results of the ab-externo SIBS microshunt demonstrated promising rates of qualified and complete success, decreased drop use, few complications, and infrequent postoperative interventions. PURPOSE To compare the outcomes of mitomycin-C (MMC) delivered by intra-Tenon's injection versus sponge application during trabeculectomy surgery. METHODS We retrospectively reviewed 566 patients with primary and secondary glaucoma diagnoses who received trabeculectomy surgery with MMC in an academic medical center. Exclusion criteria were age less than 18 years old, no light perception vision, combined surgery, previous glaucoma incisional surgery, intra-operative 5-fluorouracil, or follow-up less then 1 month. Subjects were divided into 2 cohorts MMC delivered by sponge application or by intra-Tenon's injection. Main outcome measures were post-operative intraocular pressure (IOP) level and secondary measures were survival rate for IOP control, glaucoma medication use, complication rate, vision RESULTS After inclusion/exclusion criteria, 316 eyes were available for analysis - 131 eyes had MMC delivered via sponge and 185 eyes via injection. Mean post-operative IOP was not significantly different between treatment groups but change in IOP from baseline was lower in the sponge versus the injection group 24 months after surgery (P=.038). The MMC sponge group had significantly more tense, vascularized, or encapsulated blebs as a late complication (P=.046). Time to failure for post-operative IOP control was not significantly different between MMC treatment groups, but older patient age and limbus-based conjunctival incision were associated with significantly longer time to fail. CONCLUSIONS The application of MMC by injection was similar to application by sponge in lowering IOP in patients with glaucoma and the safety of both techniques appears to be comparable. Limbus-based conjunctival incision had longer time to failure for post-operative IOP control versus fornix-based incision. Individual animals commonly adopt different stress coping styles that have been shown to impact reproductive success and differ between sexes (female/male) and origin (wild/hatchery). Hatchery reared Senegalese sole (Solea senegalensis) exhibit a behavioural reproductive dysfunction and a complete failure to spawn viable eggs. Hence, the present study examined whether 1) reproductive success of Senegalese sole was linked to coping styles and 2) behavioural differences exist in relation to sex or origin. A total of 198 breeders held in two research institutions were submitted to three individual tests (restraining, new environment and confinement) and one grouping test (risk taking). In addition, a blood sample to quantify cortisol, glucose and lactate levels was obtained from each individual after completing the individual tests. Senegalese sole breeders showed individual differences in behaviour across the different behavioural tests that were consistent with proactive and reactive coping styles traits. However, the most striking result was that reproductive success, sex and origin of Senegalese sole was not biased to any specific coping style. Indeed, the behavioural responses were similar and consistent between fish grouped by reproductive success, sex and origin. This study presented information that contrasts with different studies on dominant aggressive species and indicated that social non-aggressive species such as Senegalese sole follow a cooperative strategy that favours equal opportunities between stress coping styles and sexes. Therefore, results suggest that maintaining both coping styles strategies are fundamental for a sustainable breeder population approach. The human body is a powerful advertising tool that portrays changing messages according to social trends and expectations. Sport advertisements in particular offer many opportunities to study these changes. The aim of this study was to analyze changes in body image portrayal in printed sports magazine advertisements over the last two decades. We used a purpose-designed observation instrument (OSBI) to analyze 221 body images in sports magazine advertisements from 2008 to 2018. We then performed T-pattern analysis (TPA) to compare the 2 periods as TPA is a suitable technique for analyzing the motor activities. Our results showed that advertisements from both periods featured mostly young, muscular, athletic men wearing sports attire. Women appeared more frequently in 2018 and showed a more dynamic body attitude. Other changes detected for 2018 were a greater presence of sports idols, facial mood expressions, and technological devices. We consider that this research demonstrates a unique, new application of TPA since we did not focus on behaviors from a single time dimension, but on a continuous chain of body images portrayed in sports magazine advertisements.
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