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SARS-CoV-2 genomic surveillance within Rondônia, B razil Traditional western Amazon online.
BACKGROUND Stenotrophomonas maltophilia is a bacteria whose role in patients with cystic fibrosis bronchiectasis has been previously studied; little is known about its role in non-CF bronchiectasis. AIM Investigate the risk factors for S. Maltophilia acquisition and its clinical impact on bronchiectasis patients. DESIGN A retrospective observational cohort study enrolling patients attending the Bronchiectasis Clinic at the Royal Infirmary of Edinburgh, Scotland, UK. METHODS 167 bronchiectasis patients undergoing intravenous antibiotic therapy were selected and divided according to single or chronic S. Maltophilia isolation in sputum. The risk factors and prognostic impact was studied. RESULTS Single isolation was independently associated with lower baseline % predicted FEV1 (OR 0.98; 95%CI 0.970-1,044; p = 0.025) and with less radiological involvement (OR 0.379; 95%CI 0.175-0.819; p = 0.01). Chronic isolation was associated with the number of intravenous antibiotic courses in the year before and after the first isolation (OR 1.2; 95%CI 1.053-1.398; p = 0.007) and with the absence of P. Aeruginosa colonisation (OR 0.207; 95%CI 0.056-0.764; p = 0.02). In the chronic isolation group, there were more exacerbations and more need of intravenous antibiotics in the year after the first isolation. CONCLUSIONS Poor lung function is the main independent risk factor for single isolation of S. maltophilia. For chronic colonisation, the main independent risk factor is the number of intravenous antibiotic courses and the absence of P. aeruginosa chronic colonisation. Only when chronically present, S. maltophilia had a clinical impact with more exacerbations. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email [email protected] sarcoma is a low grade multi-focal vascular tumour of endothelial origin. It is the commonest neoplasm in patient with HIV infection and is one of the AIDS-defining illness. In the era of effective highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART), Kaposi sarcoma is less commonly seen in recent days. However, in some occasion, immune reconstitution inflammatory syndrome (IRIS) can occur after initiation of HAART. Here, we would like to illustrate a case of Kaposi sarcoma as a result of IRIS after initiation of HAART. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Association of Physicians. All rights reserved. For Permissions, please email [email protected] research can have strong and surprising synergistic effects, leading to rapid knowledge gains. Equally important, it can help to reintegrate fragmented fields across increasingly isolated specialist sub-disciplines. However, the lack of a common identifier for research 'in between fields' can make it difficult to find relevant research outputs, and network effectively. We illustrate and address this issue for the emerging interdisciplinary hotspot of 'mechanical ecology', which we define here as the intersection of quantitative biomechanics and field ecology at the organism level. We show that an integrative approach crucially advances our understanding in both disciplines by (1) putting biomechanical mechanisms into a biologically meaningful ecological context and (2) addressing the largely neglected influence of mechanical factors in organismal and behavioural ecology. We call for the foundation of knowledge exchange platforms such as meeting symposia, special issues in journals, and focus groups dedicated to mechanical ecology. Selleckchem Sabutoclax © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the Society for Integrative and Comparative Biology. All rights reserved. For permissions please email [email protected] Although alirocumab and evolocumab have both been associated with improved outcomes in patients with dyslipidemia or established atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease, data on their respective performances are scarce. This study aimed at providing an indirect comparison of the efficacy and safety of alirocumab versus evolocumab. METHODS AND RESULTS We conducted a systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomized trials comparing alirocumab or evolocumab to placebo with consistent background lipid lowering therapy up to November 2018. We estimated the relative risk and the 95% confidence intervals using fixed effect model in a frequentist pairwise and network meta-analytic approach. A total of 30 trials, enrolling 59,026 patients were included. Eligibility criteria varied significantly across trials evaluating alirocumab and evolocumab. Compared with evolocumab, alirocumab was associated with a significant reduction in all-cause death (RR 0.80; 95%CI 0.66-0.97) but not in cardiovascular death (RR.OBJECTIVES To report the methods and findings of two complete autopsies of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) positive individuals who died in Oklahoma (United States) in March 2020. METHODS Complete postmortem examinations were performed according to standard procedures in a negative-pressure autopsy suite/isolation room using personal protective equipment, including N95 masks, eye protection, and gowns. The diagnosis of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) was confirmed by real-time reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction testing on postmortem swabs. RESULTS A 77-year-old obese man with a history of hypertension, splenectomy, and 6 days of fever and chills died while being transported for medical care. He tested positive for SARS-CoV-2 on postmortem nasopharyngeal and lung parenchymal swabs. Autopsy revealed diffuse alveolar damage and chronic inflammation and edema in the bronchial mucosa. A 42-year-old obese man with a history of myotonic dystrophy developed abdominal pain followed by fever, shortness of breath, and cough. Postmortem nasopharyngeal swab was positive for SARS-CoV-2; lung parenchymal swabs were negative. Autopsy showed acute bronchopneumonia with evidence of aspiration. Neither autopsy revealed viral inclusions, mucus plugging in airways, eosinophils, or myocarditis. CONCLUSIONS SARS-CoV-2 testing can be performed at autopsy. Autopsy findings such as diffuse alveolar damage and airway inflammation reflect true virus-related pathology; other findings represent superimposed or unrelated processes. © American Society for Clinical Pathology, 2020. All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected].
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