Notes

Full-length transcriptomic investigation reveals osmoregulatory mechanisms within Coilia nasus eyes raised under hypotonic along with hyperosmotic stress.
Compared to White patients without PCC, White patients with PCC were 14 times more likely to be discharged to hospice from index hospitalization (3.0% vs. 42.7%, P less then 0.0001). Conclusion In propensity-matched cohorts of seriously ill patients, palliative care consultation to discuss goals-of-care was associated with significant increases in hospice enrollment at discharge among both African Americans and Whites. Research is needed to understand how PCC influences decision-making by race, how PCC is associated with post-discharge hospice outcomes such as disenrollment and hospice length of stay, and if PCC is associated with improving racial disparities in end-of-life care.The Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic has led to high numbers of critically ill and dying patients in need of expert management of dyspnea, delirium, and serious illness communication. The rapid spread of severe acute respiratory syndrome-Coronavirus-2 creates surges of infected patients requiring hospitalization and puts palliative care programs at risk of being overwhelmed by patients, families, and clinicians seeking help. In response to this unprecedented need for palliative care, our program sought to create a collection of palliative care resources for nonpalliative care clinicians. A workgroup of interdisciplinary palliative care clinicians developed the Palliative Care Toolkit, consisting of a detailed chapter in a COVID-19 online resource, a mobile and desktop Web application, one-page guides, pocket cards, and communication skills training videos. The suite of resources provides expert and evidence-based guidance on symptom management including dyspnea, pain, and delirium, as well as on serious illness communication, including conversations about goals of care, code status, and end of life. We also created a nurse resource hotline staffed by palliative care nurse practitioners and virtual office hours staffed by a palliative care attending physician. Since its development, the Toolkit has helped us disseminate best practices to nonpalliative care clinicians delivering primary palliative care, allowing our team to focus on the highest-need consults and increasing acceptance of palliative care across hospital settings.Many animals live in groups and engage in collective actions which can enhance their fitness. One common example is collective decision-making, which mainly arises from social interactions that modify the individual behaviour. Despite the widespread interest in animal personalities on the one hand and in social effects (such as social organisation, social learning or anti-predator behaviour) on the other, the question of how the amount of among-individual differences, coupled with social interactions, influence group cohesion has rarely been addressed. selleck products For this purpose, I used a modelling approach based on aggregation behaviour of cockroaches to explore the mechanisms underlying such context-dependent behaviour. The results of simulations considering different degrees (none, medium, high) of personality variation in a non-social and social context were compared to experimental patterns of aggregation dynamics in cockroaches. The comparison between the simulated and experimental data show that only a model that considers differences in individuals was able to reproduce the experimental patterns of individuals and groups. In addition, the comparison between models suggest that some individuals may play a keystone role during aggregation dynamics, influencing the behaviour of others and facilitating the collective decision. Finally, I show that personality variation amplifies the effects of social inter-attractions, thus increasing the speed of aggregation, shedding light on the mechanisms underpinning social modification of individual behaviour.The forced swimming test (FST) and helplessness reactions at two-way active escape/avoidance task are used in the study of depressive-like symptoms and antidepressant treatments in rodents. In both tests/tasks the animals are submitted to stressful situations, known to induce several responses that have been considered as parallels of some symptoms of the human depressive disorder. However, there is a lack of experimental evidence supporting associations between the behavioral responses displayed in both behavioral procedures by outbred rats. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the possible associations between the behavioral responses in both depression models using the National Institutes of Health genetically heterogeneous rat stock (i.e. NIH-HS rats). To this aim, 97 NIH-HS rats were submitted to both behavioral procedures (FST and two-way active escape task under a fixed ratio 2 - FR2). The statistical analyses comparing the sub-groups of rats selected by their high or low behavioral responses in either the FST or the FR2 helplessness task showed associations between the responses evaluated in both tests. Specifically, higher levels of struggling (i.e. vigorous swimming directed to escape from the FST) or less time of immobility in the first session of FST predicted lesser response failures in the FR2 two-way active escape (helplessness) task. In parallel, the stratification of rats for their high or low scores of response failures in the FR2 task was predictive of their levels of struggling in the FST. Thus, it is demonstrated for the first time that passive coping responses in one test are predictive of similar coping styles in the other task. The present findings may be relevant for the concurrent validity of both depression models.Phospholipase C proteins are phospholipid hydrolysing enzymes and crucial components of abiotic stress triggered lipid signaling in plants. PLCs are implicated in plant reaction to drought, salinity, and cold stress responses, however, characterization of the PLC family in the legume crop chickpea is missing. Here, we identify and describe nine PLC encoding genes in the chickpea genome. Phylogenetic analysis showed that the chickpea PLC family has evolved through a common path in dicots. Subcellular localization of fluorescence tagged proteins confirmed cytoplasmic and plasma membrane bound forms of PLCs in chickpea. The promoters of all the PLC genes are comprised of several hormone response related, development and abiotic stress related cis-regulatory elements. Expression analysis in five developmental stages (germination, seedling, vegetative, reproductive and senescence) showed significant expression of multiple PLCs in germination, vegetative and reproductive stages, suggesting their diverse role in various developmental processes.
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