Notes

THE REPRODUCTIVE SYSTEM

*Primary Reproductive Organs is called GONADS
*Gonads-produce reproductive cells called Gametes

MALE
Gonads-Testes
Gamete- spermatozoa (process is called gametogenesis and secrete steroid hormones called sex hormones)
-Sex hormones=TESTOSTERONE (Belongs to a class of hormones that have masculinizing action called androgen)

FEMALE
Gonads-ovaries
Gamet- ova (process is called gametogenesis and secrete steroid hormones called sex hormones)
-Sex hormones=ESTRADIOL(Belongs to a class of hormones called ESTROGENS), PROGESTERONE

-GnRH (Gonadotropin-releasing hormone)
-Stimulates the release of pituitary gonadotropins (FSH and LH)

HORMONAL CONTROL OF MALE REPRODUCTIVE FUNCTION
*FSH- acts on SERTOLI cells to stimulate spermatogenesis
*LH- acts on LEYDIG cells to stimulate testosterone secretion
*TESTOSTERONE- stimulstes spermatogenesis,induces differentiation of male accessory reproductive organs and maintain their function

FEMALE REPRODUCTIVE PHYSIOLOGY
The egg, follow from its release in the ovary is called OVULATION
OVULATION- cyclical and predictable.
-the cycles are called menstrual cycles in human
CYCLICAL-changes in hormone secretion by ovaries cause the changes in the entire female reproductive tract
-no menstruation during pregnancy

FEMALE INTERNAL GENETALIA
FALLOPIAN TUBES/ OVIDUCTS- are attached to the uterus
UTERUS- a hollow, thick-walled,muscular organ
-houses the fetus during the pregnancy
- source of bleeding during the menstruation
CERVIX- lower portion of the uterus
VAGINA-the canal leading from the cervix

OVARIAN FUNCTION
OOGENESIS-primitive germ cells/OOGONIA
OOGONIA-undergo mitosis and develop into primary oocytes (with 46 chromosomes)
-remain at a state of meiotic arrest (begin the first meiotic development but do not complete it)
-all germ cells in a female are at this developmental stage at birth

At puberty,primary oocytes destined for ovulation complete meiosis
Each daughter will recieve 23 chromosomes

The Secondary OOCYTES/OVUM-one of the two daughter cells retain all the cytoplasm

CONTROL OF OVARIAN FUNCTION
3 PHASES

1.FOLLICULAR PHASE OF OVARY (Corresponding to the Proliferative Phase of the Uterus)
-FSH & LH increase during the follicular phase because estrogen concentration is low and therefore negative feedback on these pituitary hormones is low

2.LUTEAL PHASE OF OVARY (Corresponding to Secretory Phase of the Uterus)
-the now-empty follicle,corpus luteum,starts secreting estrogen and progesterone

3.BEGINNING OF NEW CYCLE (Corresponding to Menstrual Phase of the Uterus)
-(if the egg is not fertilized)
- if fertilization does not occur, the corpus luteum degenerates and estrogen and progesterone levels recede


TARUNGA NAG TOUN KAY KAPOY RABAG SUMMARIZE ANAAAA!!!!!









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