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Animal table invited review: Perils associated with zoonotic disease breakthrough in the user interface of animals and animals techniques.
Pyruvate dehydrogenase (PDH) deficiency is an inherited metabolic disorder caused by a defect in any subunit of the pyruvate dehydrogenase complex (PDHC), which has an essential role in glucose metabolism. The causes of disease progression in PDH deficiency are not fully understood yet. Based on repeated observations of a patient with PDH deficiency at our center, we hypothesized that stress-induced gluconeogenesis contributes to rapid exacerbation of the disease. This link has not been established previously.Air pollution with particulate matter has been implicated in the incidence and the mortality due to COVID-19 infection. The levels of particulate matter have been shown to have decreased after regional and national lockdowns in a number of countries. COVID-19 possesses an elevated reproduction number (R0) due to its high transmission rate. COVID-19 genes have been found adherent to particulate matter which has been suggested as a vector for this virus' transmission. Following lockdown in China, the original viral Clade D steadily decreased mirroring the decline in particulate matter. Two months after the COVID-19 index case was reported in Wuhan early December 2019, a persistent mutation was noted at the D614 gene position of the viral spike protein establishing the Clade G variant. Clade G started to appear early in February and steadily attained predominance after lockdown in late February. It may be postulated that the changes in the source of airborne particulate matter, possibly derived from tobacco smokdiovascular health are well known and consequently airborne pollution in all its forms should be addressed on a global scale.Tinnitus is a complex symptom that manifests as the perception of sound in the absence of external stimuli. There are various patient-related factors and co-morbidities associated with tinnitus, however, the impact of hearing status on tinnitus is poorly understood. Various works suggest that tinnitus may originate in the central nervous system (CNS). Reports of tinnitus resolution following central insult provide further support for this concept. Based on these reports of tinnitus resolution, a line of research evaluating deep brain stimulation (DBS) of the caudate as a therapy for tinnitus has emerged. The emerging data show early promise and independent evaluation of this work suggests that hearing status may influence localization of tinnitus within the caudate. We closely review the available reports of tinnitus resolution following central insult and tinnitus outcomes in DBS to hypothesize that the CNS origins of tinnitus may vary based on hearing status. Our interpretation of the available literature suggests that the anterior aspect of the caudate may be a location for tinnitus intervention in patients with normal hearing or mild hearing loss (HL) and more posterior locations in the caudate may be a region of intervention in patients with moderate/ severe HL. Ultimately, this concept may shift the paradigm of thought on tinnitus to offer clinically and anatomically relevant information with targeted therapeutic options.Lipedema (LI) is a common yet misdiagnosed condition, often misconstrued with obesity. LI affects women almost exclusively, and its painful and life-changing symptoms have long been thought to be resistant to the lifestyle interventions such as diet and exercise. In this paper, we discuss possible mechanisms by which patients adopting a ketogenic diet (KD) can alleviate many of the unwanted clinical features of LI. This paper is also an effort to provide evidence for the hypothesis of the potency of this dietary intervention for addressing the symptoms of LI. Specifically, we examine the scientific evidence of effectiveness of adopting a KD by patients to alleviate clinical features associated with LI, including excessive and disproportionate lower body adipose tissue (AT) deposition, pain, and reduction in quality of life (QoL). We also explore several clinical features of LI currently under debate, including the potential existence and nature of edema, metabolic and hormonal dysfunction, inflammation, and fibrosis. The effectiveness of a KD on addressing clinical features of LI has been demonstrated in human studies, and shows promise as an intervention for LI. We hope this paper leads to an improved understanding of optimal nutritional management for patients with LI and stimulates future research in this area of study.Many countries across the globe utilized medical and non-medical facemasks as non-pharmaceutical intervention for reducing the transmission and infectivity of coronavirus disease-2019 (COVID-19). Although, scientific evidence supporting facemasks' efficacy is lacking, adverse physiological, psychological and health effects are established. Is has been hypothesized that facemasks have compromised safety and efficacy profile and should be avoided from use. The current article comprehensively summarizes scientific evidences with respect to wearing facemasks in the COVID-19 era, providing prosper information for public health and decisions making.COVID-19 is a new contagious disease caused by a new coronavirus known as severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). COVID-19 is a disease that has reached every continent in the world; it has overloaded the medical system worldwide and it has been declared a pandemic by the World Health Organization. Currently there is no definite treatment for COVID-19. We realize that host immunity is a critical factor in the outcome of coronavirus 2 infection. Here, however, we review the pathophysiology of the disease with a focus on searching for what we can do to combat this new disease. see more From this, we find that coronavirus is sensitive to heat. We have thus focused on this area of vulnerability of the virus. The emphasis of this hypothesis is on the action of body heat-internal (fever) and external (heat treatment)-in activating the immune system and its antiviral activities, and specifically related to the coronavirus. We hypothesize from this review that heat treatments has the potential to prevent COVID-19 and to decrease the severity of mild and moderate cases of Coronavirus. We propose heat treatments for this uncontrolled worldwide coronavirus pandemic while studies are being done to test the effectiveness of heat treatments in the prevention and treatment of COVID-19.
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