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FUTURE DIRECTIONS Lower legal thresholds and mitigation measures should be implemented and may help to prevent vascular damage.People with Autism Spectrum Disorder show an increased risk of experiencing potentially traumatic events, particularly social victimization. However, Autism Spectrum Disorder and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder co-occurrence was hardly studied. We examined exposure to potentially traumatic life events and PTSD symptoms in adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder vs typical adults. Twenty-five adults with Autism Spectrum Disorder and 25 typical adults were comparable on age and gender. Participants self-reported on potentially traumatic life events of social and non-social nature, and on PTSD symptoms related to their most distressing event. Results showed higher rates of probable-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder in the Autism Spectrum Disorder group (32%) compared with the typical adults group (4%). Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder reported more PTSD symptoms, particularly re-experiencing and hyper-arousal, compared with typical adults, although the latter was elevated only in females with Autism Spectrum Disorder. Participants with Autism Spectrum Disorder, especially females, reported more negative life events, particularly social events, than typical adults. Sixty percent of Autism Spectrum Disorder participants, but only 20% of typical adults, chose a social event as their most distressing event. Individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder and probable-Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder co-occurrence presented poorer social skills compared with those with Autism Spectrum Disorder alone. Results indicate increased vulnerability of individuals with Autism Spectrum Disorder to trauma and Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, especially due to social stressors. Females with Autism Spectrum Disorder may be particularly vulnerable to Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder.Chronic myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPN) are clonal disorders of hematopoietic stem/progenitor cell characterized by thrombohemorrhagic complications and a tendency to transform into acute leukemia. SC79 The pathogenesis of thrombosis in MPN is complex and results from a multifaceted interplay of clinical and disease-related factors. Rotational thromboelastometry (ROTEM) provides the complete and rapid information about all stages of the coagulation process. Here, we assess ROTEM parameters as a screening of coagulation profile in patients with MPNs. In particular, higher mean maximum clot firmness values were found in Essential thrombocythemia and Polycythemia vera patients when compared to healthy controls. Rotational thromboelastometry may be able to detect MPN patients who are susceptible to thrombotic and/or hemorrhagic complications. The predictive value of ROTEM for thrombosis remains to be established to classify subsets of patients at prominent risk who may benefit from prophylaxis with antithrombotic drugs.Purpose Dysphagia is common in critically ill neurological patients and is associated with a high mortality and morbidity. Data on the usefulness of flexible endoscopic examination of swallowing (FEES) in neurological intensive care unit (ICU) patients are lacking, raising the need for evaluation.Method FEES was performed in neurological intensive care patients suspected of dysphagia. We correlated findings with baseline data, disability status, pneumonia and duration of hospitalisation, as well as a need for mechanical ventilation or tracheotomy.Result This analysis consisted of 125 patients with suspected dysphagia. Most of the patients (81; 64,8%) suffered from acute stroke. Dysphagia was diagnosed using FEES in 90 patients (72%). FEES results led to dietary modifications in 80 patients (64%). The outcome at discharge was worse in dysphagic stroke patients diagnosed by FEES as compared to non-dysphagic stroke patients (p = 0.009). Patients without oral diet had higher need for intubation (p = 0.007), tracheotomy (p = 0.032) and higher mortality (p  less then  0.001) in comparison to patients with at least small amounts of oral intake.Conclusion As the clinical assessment of the patients often classified the dysphagia incorrectly, the broad use of FEES in ICU patients might help to adequately adjust patients' oral diet. This knowledge might contribute to lower mortality and morbidity.Introduction Patients with myelofibrosis (MF) have no effective treatment option after the failure of approved JAK inhibitor (JAKi) therapy. Non-JAK inhibitors (non-JAKi) that target non-canonical molecular pathways are undergoing clinical evaluations to optimize efficacy and/or to reduce hematological toxicity of JAKi.Area covered This article reviews the efficacy data from completed and ongoing early phase clinical trials of non-JAKi agents for chronic phase MF. The article also illuminates some of the challenges of myelofibrosis drug development.Expert opinion Most non-JAKi agents tested so far have shown modest benefit in improving the efficacy of ruxolitinib. Several novel agents such as BET inhibitor- CPI-0610, activin receptor ligand trap- luspatercept, recombinant pentraxin-PRM-151, telomerase inhibitor- imetelstat and navitoclax, have shown promising activity; however, they require vigorous evaluation in randomized controlled trials to understand the clinical benefit. Drugs that target new molecular pathways (MDM2, p-selectin, TIM-3, Bcl-2, TGF-β, aurora kinase) and immune-based strategies (CALR vaccine, anti-PD-1, allogeneic cord blood regulatory T cells) are in early phase trials. Further translational studies to target leukemic stem cells, improvement in trial designs by incorporating control arm and survival endpoints, and patient-focused collaborations among all stakeholders could pave a way for future success in MF drug development.Purpose To investigate people with Parkinson's disease (PwPD) 1) self-reported communication and swallowing difficulties due to Parkinson's disease (PD), 2) participation and psychosocial impacts of these difficulties and 3) experience with and access to speech-language pathology (SLP) services.Method A cross-sectional mix-methods survey was conducted using nonprobability, purposive sampling for recruitment. An inclusion criterion was that participants needed to have self-reported communication and/or swallowing changes due to PD. Descriptive statistics and thematic analysis were utilised.Result All of the 78 PwPD who participated reported changes to their communication (97%) and/or swallowing (93%). A diverse range of participation restrictions was found in social, recreational, vocational and everyday living activities. Adverse emotional impacts including frustration, loss of self-confidence, depression and isolation were reported due to these changes. Only 59% of our sample had accessed SLP services. The most common reason for PwPD not accessing services was that neither their general practitioner nor neurologist had referred them to SLP.
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