Notes

The incidence and also features of yoga exercises or yoga consumers in Iceland: Link between a nationwide wellness questionnaire.
truncatula require DREPP in order to regulate MT reorganization during initial root hair responses to rhizobia. © 2020 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.Maize is one of the most important crops in the world. However, few agronomically important maize genes have been cloned and used for trait improvement, due to the complex genome and genetic architecture. Here we integrated multiplexed CRISPR/Cas9-based high-throughput targeted mutagenesis with genetic mapping and genomic approaches to successfully knock-out 743 candidate genes corresponding to agronomic and nutritional traits. After low-cost barcode-based deep sequencing, 412 edited sequences covering 118 genes were precisely identified from individuals showing clear phenotypic changes. This mutant profile was similar to the ones identified in human cell lines and predictable. An unexpectedly frequent homology-directed repair through endogenous templates was observed and likely caused by the spatial contact between distinct chromosomes. Through several case studies on validation and interpretation of gene function, this targeted mutagenesis library suggested that the integration of forward- and reverse- genetics promises rapid validation of important agronomic genes for crops with complex genomes. Beyond specific findings, this study also guides further optimization of high-throughput CRISPR experiments in plants. © 2020 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.The Calvin-Benson-Bassham (CBB) cycle is responsible for CO2 assimilation and carbohydrate production in oxyphototrophs. Phosphoribulokinase (PRK) is an essential enzyme of the CBB cycle in photosynthesis, catalyzing adenosine triphosphate (ATP)-dependent conversion of ribulose-5-phosphate (Ru5P) to ribulose-1,5-bisphosphate. CHIR-99021 mouse The oxyphototrophic PRK is redox-regulated, and can be further regulated by reversible association with both glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) and oxidized chloroplast protein CP12. The resulting GAPDH/CP12/PRK complex is central in the regulation of CBB cycle; however, the PRK-CP12 interface in the recently reported cyanobacterial GAPDH/CP12/PRK structure was not well resolved, and the detailed binding mode of PRK with ATP and Ru5P remains undetermined, as only apo-form structures of PRK are currently available. Here, we report the crystal structures of cyanobacterial (Synechococcus elongatus) PRK in complex with adenosine diphosphate and glucose-6-phosphate, and of the Arabidopsis thaliana GAPDH/CP12/PRK complex, providing detailed information regarding the active site of PRK, and the key elements essential for PRK-CP12 interaction. Our structural and biochemical results together reveal that the ATP binding site is disrupted in the oxidized PRK, whereas the Ru5P binding site is occupied by oxidized CP12 in GAPDH/CP12/PRK complex. This structure-function study greatly advances the understanding of reaction mechanism of PRK and the subtle regulations of redox signaling for the CBB cycle. © 2020 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Children residing in neighbourhoods of high deprivation are more likely to have poorer health, including excess body size. While the availability of unhealthy food outlets are increasingly considered important for excess child body size, less is known about how neighbourhood deprivation, unhealthy food outlets and unhealthy dietary behaviours are interlinked. METHODS This study involves children aged 8-13 years (n=1029) and resided in Auckland, New Zealand. Unhealthy dietary behaviours (frequency of consumption of unhealthy snacks and drinks) and food purchasing behaviour on the route to and from school were self-reported. Height and waist circumference were measured to calculate waist-to-height ratio (WtHR). Geographic Information Systems mapped neighbourhood deprivation and unhealthy food outlets within individual, child-specific neighbourhood buffer boundaries (800 m around the home and school). Associations between neighbourhood deprivation (calculated using the New Zealand Index of Deprivation 2013), unhealthy food outlets, unhealthy dietary behaviours and WtHR were investigated using structural equation modelling in Mplus V.8.0. Age, sex and ethnicity were included as covariates, and clustering was accounted for at the school level. RESULTS Structural equation models showed that unhealthy food outlets were unrelated to unhealthy dietary behaviours (estimate 0.029, p=0.416) and excess body size (estimate -0.038, p=0.400). However, greater neighbourhood deprivation and poorer dietary behaviours (estimate -0.134, p=0.001) were associated with greater WtHR (estimate 0.169, p less then 0.001). CONCLUSION Excess child body size is associated with neighbourhood deprivation and unhealthy dietary behaviours but not unhealthy outlet density or location of these outlets near home and school. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.BACKGROUND High-sensitivity C reactive protein (hsCRP) has been proposed as a marker of incident cardiovascular disease and vascular mortality, and may also be a marker of non-vascular mortality. However, most evidence comes from either North American or European cohorts. The present proposal aims to investigate the association of hsCRP with the risk of all-cause mortality in a multiethnic Brazilian population. METHODS Baseline data (2008-2010) of a cohort of 14 238 subjects participating in the Brazilian Longitudinal Study of Adult Health were used. hsCRP was assayed with immunochemistry. The association of baseline covariates with all-cause mortality was calculated by Cox regression for univariate model and adjusted for different confounders after a mean follow-up of 8.0±1.1 years. The final model was adjusted for age, sex, self-rated race/ethnicity, schooling, health behaviours and prevalent chronic disease. RESULTS The risk of death increased steadily by quartiles of hsCRP, from 1.45 (95% CI 1.05 to 2.01) in quartile 2 to 1.95 (95% CI 1.42 to 2.69) in quartile 4, compared with quartile 1. Furthermore, the persistence of a significant graded association after the exclusion of deaths in the first year of follow-up suggests that these results are unlikely to be due to reverse causality. Finally, the HR was unaffected by the exclusion of participants who had self-reported medical history of diabetes, cancer and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. CONCLUSIONS Our study shows that hsCRP level is associated with mortality in a highly admixed population, independent of a large set of lifestyle and clinical variables. © Author(s) (or their employer(s)) 2020. Re-use permitted under CC BY-NC. No commercial re-use. See rights and permissions. Published by BMJ.
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