Notes

Acromegaly along with bare sella affliction.
Otherwise, all surfactant adsorbs onto the pore walls before reaching the wetting front, resulting in the same absorption rate as without surfactants. This behavior agrees with both experimental and analytical literature.
It is found that moving contact lines result in a parabola-shaped wetted area and a slower absorption and a deeper penetration depth than pinned contact lines. The evolution of the penetration depth was quantitatively validated by comparison with two experimental studies from literature. Surfactants were shown to accelerate the absorption process, but only if their adsorption kinetics are slow compared to the absorption. Otherwise, all surfactant adsorbs onto the pore walls before reaching the wetting front, resulting in the same absorption rate as without surfactants. This behavior agrees with both experimental and analytical literature.Colloidal settlement in natural aqueous suspensions is effectively compensated by diffusive movement if particles resist aggregation - a state known as colloidal stability. However, if the settling velocity increases upon aggregation, complex structural features emerge from the directional movement induced by gravity. We present a comprehensive modeling study on the evolution of an aggregated three-dimensional structure due to diffusion, surface interactions, and gravity. The systematic investigation of particle geometry and size revealed three mechanisms (I) aggregation due to spatial confinement of settled particles, (II) aggregation due to differential settling, whereby fast and slow particles collide, (III) inhibition of aggregation due to fractionation of particles with different settling velocity. A 3D visualization tool allowed us to follow the subtle interplay of these mechanisms and the highly dynamic hierarchical self-assembly of aggregates. It revealed how the balance of the different interactions determines the actual rate of aggregation.
Relative to the bulk systems, the near-wall (<500nm) rheological responses of soft poly(N-isopropylacrylamide) (PNIPAM) microgel dispersions may exhibit distinct dependence on the frequency (ω), temperature (T), and effective volume fraction (ϕ
) during the volume phase transitions. The microrheological behaviors are expected to be governed by the near-wall microstructure and its spatial heterogeneity.

The combination of active microrheometry (multipole magnetic tweezers) and total internal reflection microscopy (TIRM) was employed to probe the structure-rheology relationships of microgel dispersions near a substrate surface. The ω, T, and ϕ
-dependences of the storage modulus (G'), loss modulus (G"), and softness (J) were analyzed by power-law and Arrhenius-like scaling theories. The fluctuation of J was further analyzed to give a quantitative description of the inhomogeneity in the near-wall regions.

(1) Remarkable differences in the rheological behaviors between the bulk and near-wall cases are revealed, where the latter shows a segmented overlap behavior in ϕ
; (2) Five regimes of ϕ
that correspond to distinct physical states of the microgel dispersions are determined; (3) The near-wall local structures exhibit more heterogeneity in the glass and colloidal gel regimes as compared to the liquid regime.
(1) Remarkable differences in the rheological behaviors between the bulk and near-wall cases are revealed, where the latter shows a segmented overlap behavior in ϕeff; (2) Five regimes of ϕeff that correspond to distinct physical states of the microgel dispersions are determined; (3) The near-wall local structures exhibit more heterogeneity in the glass and colloidal gel regimes as compared to the liquid regime.Shellfish farming contributes to nutrient removal in coastal and estuarine systems, as bivalves incorporate nutrients into their tissues and shells, which is removed from the marine system on harvest. Fourteen locations around the UK were surveyed to explore geographic variation in carbon, nitrogen and phosphorus content of tissue and shell in blue mussels. Phosphorus in tissue had a significant negative relationship with mean annual seawater temperature for both rope and bottom cultured sites. Per tonne of live mussel, rope culture removed significantly more nitrogen (8.50 ± 0.59 kg) and phosphorus (0.95 ± 0.07 kg) than bottom cultured (5.00 ± 0.013 kg nitrogen and 0.43 ± 0.01 kg phosphorus). Bottom culture, however, provides significantly more C removal in shell (60.15 ± 0.77 kg) than in rope cultured (46.12 ± 1.69 kg). Further studies are required to examine the effect of growth rate, on the nitrogen and phosphorus remediation, and carbon stored in shell, of rope culture and bottom cultured mussel aquaculture.Plastics are an environmental threat; however, their fate once in the pelagic environment is poorly known. We compare results from assessments of floating plastics in the South Pacific Ocean with accumulated beach plastics from Henderson Island. We also compare accumulated plastic mass on Henderson during 2015 and 2019 and investigate the presence of nanoplastics. There were differences between the size classes of beach and pelagic plastics, and an increase in microplastics (0.33-5 mm) on the beach between 2015 and 2019. Micro- and nanoplastics were found at all sites (mean ± SE 1960 ± 356 pieces/kg dw). Across the whole beach this translates to >4 billion plastic particles in the upper 5 cm. This is concerning, particularly given Henderson is uninhabited and distant from urban centres (~2350 km from Pape'ete, French Polynesia). The vast number of small particles on Henderson may make nearshore filter feeders susceptible to ingestion and subsequent detrimental impacts.Seagrass ecosystems exist throughout Pacific Island Countries and Territories (PICTs). Despite this area covering nearly 8% of the global ocean, information on seagrass distribution, biogeography, and status remains largely absent from the scientific literature. We confirm 16 seagrass species occur across 17 of the 22 PICTs with the highest number in Melanesia, followed by Micronesia and Polynesia respectively. The greatest diversity of seagrass occurs in Papua New Guinea (13 species), and attenuates eastward across the Pacific to two species in French Polynesia. We conservatively estimate seagrass extent to be 1446.2 km2, with the greatest extent (84%) in Melanesia. We find seagrass condition in 65% of PICTs increasing or displaying no discernible trend since records began. Marine conservation across the region overwhelmingly focuses on coral reefs, with seagrass ecosystems marginalised in conservation legislation and policy. PY-60 datasheet Traditional knowledge is playing a greater role in managing local seagrass resources and these approaches are having greater success than contemporary conservation approaches.
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