Notes

Impact of sanitation on the performance involving anodized nanoporous titanium improvements.
A total of 29 053 annotated Unigenes were obtained following comparisons with the public protein databases, and 27 443 CDS were predicted. In addition, there were 23 092 SSR loci and 148 027 SNPs identified.

The database of
transcriptome is created by sequencing, and a large number of
transcripts are obtained, which provides a basis for the subsequent functional studies of allergy-related genes.
The database of T. putrescentiae transcriptome is created by sequencing, and a large number of T. putrescentiae transcripts are obtained, which provides a basis for the subsequent functional studies of allergy-related genes.
To investigate the drug-resistant gene polymorphisms in
imported from Equatorial Guinea to Shandong Province.

From 2015 to 2016, blood samples were collected from imported
malaria patients returning from Equatorial Guinea to Shandong Province, and genome DNA of the malaria parasite was extracted. The drug-resistant
,
,
,
, and
genes of
were amplified using a PCR assay, followed by DNA sequencing, and the sequences were aligned.

The target fragments of all 5 drug-resistant genes of
were successfully amplified and sequenced. There were 72.8%, 18.6%, and 8.6% of
parasites carrying the wild-, mutant-, and mixed-type
gene, respectively, and all mutant haplotypes were CVI
(the underline indicates the mutation site). There were 20.0%, 61.4% and 18.6% of
parasites carrying the wild-, mutant-, and mixed-type
gene, respectively, and the mutant haplotypes mainly included
and
(the underlines indicate the mutation sites). There were 1.4%, 98.6%, and 0 of
parasites carryin the Pfmdr1, Pfdhfr, and Pfdhps gene mutations, and the K13 gene A578S mutation is detected in the parasite samples.
To evaluate the efficiency of three Chinese commercial anti-
antibody-based assays for the serodiagnosis of echinococcosis.

A total of 142 sera from cystic echinococcosis patients, 89 sera from alveolar echinococcosis and 39 sera from healthy controls were sampled, and detected by kits A (ELISA), B (ELISA) and C (colloidal gold immunoassay). The routine blood testing results and biochemical parameters were compared between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis patients, and the associations of the absorbance (
value) of the serum specific antibody detected by A and B kits with the routine blood testing results and biochemical parameters were examined in echinococcosis patients. In addition, the performance of these three assays for the serodiagnosis of echinococcosis was evaluated.

There were no significant differences between the cystic and alveolar echinococcosis patients in terms of the median white blood cell count (WBC), neutrophil count (NEU), monocyte count (MONO), basophil count (BASO), alareening of echinococcosis.
The three commercial anti-Echinococcus antibody-based kits exhibit a higher serodiagnostic efficiency for alveolar echinococcosis than for cystic echinococcosis. The A kit shows a high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of echinococcosis, and has a relatively stable diagnostic performance and fewer influencing factors, which is suitable for the pre-surgical preliminary diagnosis and post-surgical follow-up monitoring of serum anti-Echinococcus antibody, while the C kit shows a high sensitivity and specificity for the diagnosis of echinococcosis, and is easy to perform and high in reporting rate, which is feasible for initial screening of echinococcosis.
To evaluate the effect of the integrated echinococcosis control program in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018.

A package of integrated interventions were employed for echinococcosis control in 22 counties (districts) of Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region from 2011 to 2018, including screening of human echinococcosis, treatment of echinococcosis patients, deworming of domestic dogs and monitoring of infections, surveillance of echinococcosis in bovines and sheep, health education. The detection of human echinococcosis, seroprevalence of anti-
antibody in children at ages of 6 to 12 years, the
coproantigen-positive rate in domestic dogs, prevalence of echinococcosis in bovines and sheep, and the awareness of echinococcosis control knowledge were investigated and compared during the period between 2011 and 2018.

The detection of human echinococcosis appeared a decline tendency in Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region over years during the period from 2011 to 2018 (


= 82.22,
< 0.05), and thechinococcosis control program remains to be reinforced.
To examine the changes in the immune functions of CD8
T cells in the spleen of mice following
infections at various doses and at different time points.

The
protoscoleces were collected, and
infection was modeled in mice via the hepatic portal vein at doses of 50 (low-dose), 500 (medium-dose) and 2 000 protoscoleces (high-dose), while physiological saline served as controls. Mouse spleen was isolated 2 (earlystage), 12 (middle-stage) and 24 weeks post-infection (late-stage), and spleen lymphocytes were harvested. The phenotype of memory CD8
T cells and 2B4 expression were quantified in the mouse spleen, and the secretion of interferon (IFN)-γ, tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α, interleukin (IL)-17A and IL-10 was measured.

A central-memory phenotype was predominant in the CD8
T cells in the spleen of mice at the early stage of high-dose protoscolece infections, and the proportion of central-memory CD8
T cells was significantly greater in the high-dose group than in the control group (35.50% ±egulation of 2B4 expression in mouse spleen CD8+ T cells at the late stage, which leads to immune exhaustion and the resultant chronic infections.
To characterize
(
) gene and investigate its expression characteristics in
, so as to provide a theoretical basis for subsequent functional studies of the
gene.

According to the coding sequences of
and
genes, the complete genome of
was retrieved and the
gene was characterized. Specific primers were designed and the target gene was amplified using PCR and reverse-transcription PCR assays. The physicochemical properties, signal peptide, transmembrane structure, secondary structure and tertiary structure of the encoded protein TSL were analyzed using bioinformatics tools, and a phylogenetic analysis was performed. Mardepodect PDE inhibitor In addition, the specific expression of the
gene was detected in various tissues of
using a quantitative real-time PCR assay.

The
gene was 16 751 bp in length with a CDS region of 1 134 bp, encoding 377 amino acids, and the encoded TSL protein was a stably hydrophilic protein. The TSL protein was predicted to be a secretory protein that was located in extra-membrane regions containing signal peptides.
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