Notes

Contamination involving Diplostomum spp. within intrusive round gobies from the E Lawrence Lake, Nova scotia.
Six studies were identified. These studies reported Cefuroxime as a potential inhibitor of 3 key SARS-CoV-2 proteins; main protease, RNA dependent RNA polymerase, and ACE2-Spike complex. We provided a summary of the methodology and findings of the identified studies. Our scoping review identified significant in silico evidence that Cefuroxime may be a potential multi-target inhibitor of SARS-CoV-2. Further in vitro and in vivo studies are required to evaluate the potential of Cefuroxime for COVID-19.Communicated by Ramaswamy H. Sarma.In treating hand fractures, we have to make a proper decision about conservative treatment versus surgical intervention and decide on individual surgical methods. This article reviews recent publications, technical advances, and outcome measures in treating metacarpal fractures, phalangeal fractures, complex fractures of the proximal interphalangeal joints, bony mallet fingers, and fractures of the thumb. My personal preferences and considerations are presented. learn more At the end, the current challenges that hand surgeons are facing in treating frequent phalangeal and metacarpal fractures are discussed.Heparin, including unfractionated heparin (UFH), low-molecular-weight heparin (LMWH) and heparin derivatives, are commonly used in venous thromboembolism treatment and reportedly have beneficial effects on cancer survival. Heparin can affect the proliferation, adhesion, angiogenesis, migration and invasion of cancer cells via multiple mechanisms. The main mechanisms involve inhibition of heparanase, P-/L-selectin, angiogenesis, and interference with the CXCL12-CXCR4 axis. Here we summarize the current experimental evidence regarding the anti-cancer role of heparin and its derivatives, and conclude that there is evidence to support heparin's role in inhibiting cancer progression, making it a promising anti-cancer agent.Multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are known to induce pulmonary inflammatory effects through stimulating pro-inflammatory cytokine secretion from alveolar macrophages. Despite extensive studies on MWCNTs' pro-inflammatory reactivity, the understanding of molecular mechanisms involved is still incomplete. In this study, we investigated hemichannel's involvement in MWCNTs-induced macrophage IL-1β release. Our results showed that the unmodified and COOH MWCNTs could induce ATP release and ATP-P2X7R axis-dependent IL-1β secretion from THP-1 macrophages. By using various inhibitors, we confirmed that the MWCNTs-induced ATP release was primarily through hemichannels. EtBr dye uptake assay detected significant hemichannels opening in MWCNTs exposed THP-1 macrophages. Inhibition of hemichannels by CBX, 43Gap27, or 10Panx1 pretreatment results in decreased ATP and IL-1β release. The addition of ATP restored the reduced IL-1β secretion level from hemichannel inhibition. We also confirmed with five other types of MWCNTs that the induction of hemichannels by MWCNTs strongly correlates with their capacity to induce IL-1β secretion. Taken together, we conclude that hemichannels-mediated ATP release and subsequent NLRP3 inflammasome activation through P2X7R may be one mechanism by which MWCNTs induce macrophage IL-1β secretion. Our findings may provide a novel molecular mechanism for MWCNTs induced IL-1β secretion.Purpose To evaluate the use of a dual-chambered venous access port for extracorporeal apheresis therapy. Methods This was a single-center retrospective analysis of all patients who received a dual-chambered venous access port for apheresis therapy over a 36-month period. Clinical success was defined as successful completion of at least one round of apheresis via the venous access port. Major complications were defined as any event requiring elevation of patient care and/or venous access port removal or repositioning. Minor complications were defined as venous access port issues resolved with clinical intervention. Results Forty-four patients had a venous access port placed at the time of this study. Patients underwent red cell exchange (n = 33), therapeutic plasma exchange (n = 6) or extracorporeal photopheresis (n = 5). Forty (90%) patients had autoimmune diseases and four (10%) had neoplastic processes. Clinical success was achieved in 42 (95.5%) patients. Average venous access port dwell time was 632 days (range = 42-1191 days). All therapies through the venous access ports were well tolerated and no patients reported pain or discomfort. Major complications were seen in nine (20.5%) patients-the majority (n = 7) of which were due to venous access port malfunction-and resolved with catheter revision. One (2.27%) major complication involved an infected venous access port, and one involved a large hematoma at the venous access port site. Minor complications were seen in eight (18.2%) patients, where simple flushing of the catheter with saline or tissue plasminogen activator resolved the issue. Conclusion The dual-chambered venous access port was successfully used for sustained blood flow in apheresis therapy with a moderate, yet correctable complication rate.Curdlan has wide potential application in the food and biomedical fields due to its unique thermal gel and biological activity. This study investigated the effect of six sugars including glucose, fructose, lactose, maltose, sucrose and xylose as carbon sources on production and properties of curdlan using Agrobacterium sp. DH-2. The maximum production (38.1 g/L and 37.4 g/L, respectively) and yield (0.58 g curdlan/g sucrose and 0.53 g curdlan/g maltose, respectively) of curdlan were achieved by sucrose and maltose, followed by glucose, fructose, lactose and xylose. Scanning electron micrographs showed that the surface of cells was smooth in strain growth phase, while cells were covered by curdlan matrix acted as a net in the curdlan synthesis phase. The highest glucosyltransferase activity (19.9 U/g biomass) corresponded to the maximum curdlan production using the sucrose medium. The molecular weight and gel strength of curdlan were influenced by the carbon sources. The curdlan from xylose medium resulted in a maximum molecular weight of 1.59 × 106 Da and the highest gel strength of 989.2 g/cm2, while the curdlan from sucrose medium resulted in a lowest molecular weight of 1.10 × 106 Da and gel strength of 672.8 g/cm2. The high molecular weight of curdlan had high gel strength.
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