Notes

Thorough writeup on sarcopenia inside individuals controlled on with regard to stomach along with hepatopancreatobiliary types of cancer.
In recent years, there has been considerable interest in the use of biopolymer electrospun nanofibers for various food applications due to the biocompatibility, biodegradability, and high loading capacity. Herein, we fabricated and characterized novel hybrid electrospun fibers from dextran (50%, w/v) and zein (0-30%, w/v) solutions, and the effects of various zein concentrations on the properties of the hybrid electrospun fibers were investigated.

When zein was added at low concentrations (5% and 10%), dextran and zein showed poor miscibility, as reflected by significantly decreased viscosity of the solutions, and the poor mechanical properties of the derived fiber membranes. When zein was added at medium concentrations (15-25%), hydrogen bonds were formed between dextran and zein molecules, as indicated by the red shift of Fourier-transform infrared bands and β-sheet to α-helix structural transformations. The fiber membranes electrospun from a solution with 25% zein showed the most hydrophobic surface, with a water contact angle of 116.9°. The homogenous dispersion of dextran and zein resulted in improved mechanical properties for fibers electrospun from a solution with 30% zein. Curcumin encapsulating dextran/zein electrospun fibers exhibited effective radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing power, along with the desired controlled release behavior for curcumin delivery.

Food grade dextran/zein hybrid electrospun fibers demonstrated tunable properties, and appear to be promising as delivery systems for bioactive and edible antimicrobial food packaging. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
Food grade dextran/zein hybrid electrospun fibers demonstrated tunable properties, and appear to be promising as delivery systems for bioactive and edible antimicrobial food packaging. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
The U.S. population is aging and projected to undergo an increasing number of general surgical procedures. However, recent trends in the frequency of major abdominal procedures in older adults are currently unknown as improvements in non-operative interventions may obviate the need for major surgery. Thus, we evaluated the trends of major abdominal surgical procedures in older adults in the United States.

We performed a retrospective cohort study using the National Inpatient Sample from 2002 to 2014 with trend analysis using National Cancer Institute's Joinpoint Trend Analysis Software. We identified the average annual percent change (AAPC) in the yearly frequency of major abdominal surgical procedures in older adults (≥50 years of age).

Our cohort included a total of 3,951,947 survey-weighted discharges that included a major abdominal surgery in adults ≥50 years of age between 2002 and 2014. Of these discharges, 2,529,507 (64.0%) were for elective abdominal surgeries, 2,062,835 (52.0%) were for female cedures.
In this cohort of older adults, the frequency of emergent and elective major abdominal procedures in adults ≥65 years of age decreased with significant variation among individual procedure types. Future studies are needed to identify the generalizability of our findings to other surgical procedures.
Wheat milling by-products (germ and bran) are rich in dietary fiber, protein, vitamins, minerals and antioxidants. In this study, wheat milling by-products (bran obtained by debranning (BOD), coarse bran, fine bran and wheat germ) were used in the production of cake at different ratios (0-30%) after treatment with xylanase. Xylanase was used to improve the technological properties of the by-products and thus improve end-product quality.

As the by-products ratio increased in cake formulation, ash, protein, fat, crude fiber, phytic acid and mineral content significantly (P < 0.05) increased. In terms of by-product type, phytic acid content of the cakes changed between 1.14 and 2.55 g kg
, and the lowest value was obtained in cakes prepared with BOD. The highest protein, Mn and Zn contents were found in cake samples containing wheat germ, whereas the addition of BOD revealed greater crude fiber, Ca and Fe levels in cake samples than the other by-products. Xylanase treatment resulted in increments in volume and decrements in hardness and color lightness values of cakes.

This study demonstrated that the use of the wheat by-products after treatment with xylanase had an improving effect on the quality and nutritive value of cakes. The results obtained in this study provided a basis for the use of xylanase in enriched cake production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
This study demonstrated that the use of the wheat by-products after treatment with xylanase had an improving effect on the quality and nutritive value of cakes. The results obtained in this study provided a basis for the use of xylanase in enriched cake production. © 2021 Society of Chemical Industry.
To evaluate the clinical utility of postoperative contrast x-ray pharyngograms (XRP) for detecting pharyngoesophageal leaks following hypopharyngeal dysphagia surgery.

Retrospective cohort study.

Medical records were reviewed of patients undergoing endoscopic (E-) or open (O-) Zenker's diverticulectomy (-ZD) with cricopharyngeal myotomy (-CPM) and CPM alone from 2008 to 2020 at one academic institution. Exclusion criteria were patients who were fed enterally or underwent repair of epiphrenic diverticula or O-CPM during laryngectomy. XRP clinical indication, impact on clinical care, and factors associated with use patterns were examined using descriptive statistics and logistic regression (LR).

Of 152 subjects, 52% underwent O-ZD, 30% O-CPM, 15% E-ZD, and 3% E-CPM. An XRP was ordered for 65% of subjects, mostly routinely (94%). Wnt inhibitor Among the four clinically apparent leaks observed in this cohort, early postoperative XRP confirmed one. It did not identify any clinically silent leaks. In univariate LR, undergoing XRP was associated with increasing day of diet advancement (odds ratio [OR] 4.7, 95% confidence interval [CI] 2.5-10.5) and hospital stay duration (OR 3.2, 95% CI 2.1-5.2), as well as surgeon specialty of otolaryngology compared to general surgery (OR 12.8, 95% CI 4.8-40.8) and procedure sub-type (O-CPM OR 0.03, 95% CI 0.002-0.16). In multivariate LR, the following variables were significantly associated with XRP use hospital stay (OR 1.7; 95% CI 1.1-3.0), otolaryngology (OR 105; 95% CI 15.4-2193), O-CPM (OR 0.03; 95% CI 0.002-0.16), and E-CPM (OR 0.04, 95% CI 0.002-0.60).

Prospective, multi-institutional studies are needed to confirm the low clinical utility we observed of early, postoperative XRP following hypopharyngeal surgery for dysphagia.

3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
3 Laryngoscope, 2021.
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