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Identification as well as Characterization of Swine Influenza Virus H1N1 Variations Generated within Immunized and also Nonvaccinated, Inhibited Pigs.
udent experiences related to one-time high-stakes summative assessments may negatively affect student learning and achievement outcomes. The design, implementation, and use of assessment practices within a competency-based education framework warrants further consideration so that optimal assessment for learning practices may be emphasized to enhance student learning and achievement.
Epidemiological studies have shown that illicit drug use is a persistent and growing problem in our society. Methamphetamine and cocaine are at the top of the list of stimulants commonly abused. There is a need for a disease-targeted approach to the dental management of clients who use these drugs.

A review of the literature was conducted to identify the most up-to-date information for the diagnosis and treatment of dental clients who abuse methamphetamine and cocaine. Databases in the University of Toronto library system were searched for peer-reviewed articles, written in English, and containing data relevant to clinical decision making. Roblitinib order Textbooks were chosen from a list of reference materials provided by the National Dental Examination Board. All cited articles were published within the past 5 years.

There is robust literature on the treatment of individual signs and symptoms associated with methamphetamine and cocaine use. However, there is a dearth of information on the comprehensive, client-centred oral health care that these individuals require.

This article reviews the best practices to guide the clinician from the initial oral diagnosis appointment to the maintenance of care, including the pharmacological actions of these drugs of abuse, the specific challenges faced in providing care for this client population, and scientifically based treatment considerations to maximize prognosis.
This article reviews the best practices to guide the clinician from the initial oral diagnosis appointment to the maintenance of care, including the pharmacological actions of these drugs of abuse, the specific challenges faced in providing care for this client population, and scientifically based treatment considerations to maximize prognosis.
This project compares the cost effectiveness of a preventive fluoride varnish (FV) program with usual dental care (surgery under general anesthesia [GA]) for preschool children in 2 low-income communities in Winnipeg, Canada.

Program impact is described in terms of cost, cavities avoided, and reductions in surgery volume. Aggregate data for 873 children ages 1 to 6 years old enrolled in the Winnipeg Regional Health Authority Daycare Fluoride Varnish Program in January 2018 were analysed using a Markov model.

The program was found to save approximately $822.98 per child over 5 years versus usual dental care. There were 4.38 cavities avoided per child and a savings of $187.71/cavity for the FV group. Participants' need for dental surgery under GA was reduced from 19.1% in the usual care group to 1.6% in the FV group (92% reduction) over 5 years. Sensitivity analyses using a Monte Carlo simulation showed that the program was cost effective over usual care 100% of the time. Finally, it was estimated that the program had saved $753,000 since its inception, or approximately $41.15 per FV application.

The FV intervention had better health outcomes, lower costs, and was less invasive than usual care involving dental surgery under GA for children enrolled in the program.
The FV intervention had better health outcomes, lower costs, and was less invasive than usual care involving dental surgery under GA for children enrolled in the program.
Dental hygiene is a physically demanding profession that places dental hygienists at risk of musculoskeletal disorders (MSDs). Study objectives were to establish the patterns and frequencies of self-reported occupation-related MSDs among dental hygienists in Canada and determine what MSD prevention training is provided in the curricula of accredited dental hygiene schools in Canada.

An online, quantitative cross-sectional survey was distributed to registered dental hygienists in Canada to assess prevalence and types of occupational MSDs. Additionally, a phone/email qualitative structured interview was conducted with 8 accredited English-speaking dental hygiene schools across Canada.

Of all respondents (N = 647), 83% (n = 534) reported a work-related MSD. The most common disorders were carpal tunnel syndrome and tendonitis. There was a positive correlation between number of years in practice and the incidence of MSDs. Half of the respondents felt they had received adequate training on injury prevention. ion of their curricula as it relates to ergonomics and injury prevention.Research on dental and dental hygiene education is key to improving learning, teaching, and oral health care in academic dental institutions. Faculty should be able to write research proposals and reports properly to secure funding for research and share the findings of studies with stakeholders. Specifically, they should demonstrate why the study matters in the introduction section of their text. Our experience in mentoring dental and dental hygiene faculty shows that some have difficulty justifying the importance of their studies due to the way they approach the introduction section. This short communication provides 3 recommendations to help faculty approach and write this section adequately, which can be useful for writing other sections of manuscripts and grant applications.Previous position papers have confirmed associations between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease. Causal associations have not been confirmed and have been the source of much confusion for oral health professionals and the public.
To investigate whether sufficient evidence exists for a causal relationship between periodontal disease and cardiovascular disease.

The PICO question was "For adults in good general health who are diagnosed with periodontal disease, will receiving non-surgical periodontal therapy (NSPT), as compared to not receiving NSPT, lower their risk for cardiovascular diseases?" Only systematic reviews (SRs) with or without meta-analyses (MAs) of randomized controlled trials published in the English language between 2007 and 2019 were included. Databases searched included PubMed, MEDLINE, EbscoHost, CINAHL, Scopus, Cochrane Registry of Systematic Reviews, and Clinical Trials Registry. Quality assessments were conducted by both authors using the PRISMA checklist. The Bradford Hill criteria were used to determine evidence for causality.
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