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National Identification being a Moderator Among Human immunodeficiency virus Understanding, Viral Hepatitis Knowledge, and Subconscious Antecedents Between Racial-Ethnic Fraction Junior Living in an Urban Neighborhood.
Current Medical training in India is generally didactic and pedagogical, and often does not systematically prepare newly graduated doctors to be competent, confident and compassionate. After much deliberation, the Medical Council of India (MCI) has recently introduced a new outcome-driven curriculum for undergraduate medical student training with specific milestones and an emphasis on simulation-based learning and guided reflection. Simulation-based education and debriefing (guided reflection) has transformed medical training in many countries by accelerating learning curves, improving team skills and behavior, and enhancing provider confidence and competence. In this article, we provide a broad framework and roadmap suggesting how simulation-based education might be incorporated and contextualized by undergraduate medical institutions, especially for pediatric training, using local resources to achieve the goals of the new MCI competency-based and simulation-enhanced undergraduate curriculum.
To validate the Testicular Workup for Ischemia and Suspected Torsion (TWIST) score for the evaluation of children presenting with acute scrotum.

This prospective study calculated TWIST score in patients of acute scrotum admitted to a pediatric surgery unit. The scoring system consisted of testicular swelling (2 points), hard testicle (2), absent cremasteric reflex (1), nausea/vomiting (1) and high-riding testis (1). All the patients were examined by a pediatric surgeon.

Among 96 children with acute scrotum, 68 (70.8%) patients had testicular torsion. In the testicular torsion group, the mean (SD) TWIST score was 5.7 (1.2) and in no torsion group, it was 1.46 (0.67). In the testicular torsion group, the number of patients with low, intermediate, and high risk was 0, 13, and 55, respectively and in without testicular torsion these were 21, 7, and 0, respectively.

TWIST score has high predictive value for testicular torsion, and can be used for clinical diagnosis of testicular torsion.
TWIST score has high predictive value for testicular torsion, and can be used for clinical diagnosis of testicular torsion.
To assess the usefulness and safety of flexible bronchoscopy in ventilated neonates with extubation failure.

This was a prospective observational study. Flexible bronchoscopy was done in eligible patients with failure of extubation form invasive ventilation. The main outcome measure was to find the presence of any anatomic or dynamic abnormalities of the airways of these patients and the organism profile of bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) fluid.

Forty-eight babies (68.8% preterm) were enrolled in the study. The most common finding on bronchoscopy was airway edema seen in 13 (27%) patients. BAL culture was positive in 29 (74%) patients. Tofacitinib research buy Overall treatment was modified in 35 (73%) patients based on bronchoscopy findings/BAL culture. Majority of infants (83.3%) tolerated the procedure very well.

Flexible bronchoscopy provides useful information in the management of newborn babies with extubation failure.
Flexible bronchoscopy provides useful information in the management of newborn babies with extubation failure.
To assess the effect of maternal occupational tobacco handling (bidi rolling) on cord serum leptin levels.

We enrolled 64 neonates born to women who were bidi-rollers, and 64 small for gestational age (SGA) neonates and 57 term appropriate for gestational age (AGA) neonates born to mothers with no tobacco exposure. Cord blood leptin levels between the groups were compared. Adjusted mean difference in leptin was calculated using regression model.

Cord leptin showed moderate correlation with birthweight (r=0.16; P=0.027) across the groups. Mean (SD) cord serum leptin levels (ng/mL) of study group was 19.79 (13.32), in comparison to 21.4 (13.4) of SGA (P=0.497), and 27.70 (13.96) of term AGA (P=0.002). Maternal occupational tobacco exposure contributed to significant decrease in cord leptin (adjusted mean difference (95%CI) -4.5 ng/mL (-8.82, -0.19); P=0.041).

Maternal occupational tobacco exposure causes signifi-cant reduction in fetal leptin levels.
Maternal occupational tobacco exposure causes signifi-cant reduction in fetal leptin levels.
This study was done to determine proportion of children carrying heavy school bags and to compare new guidelines issued by Government of India on school bag weight limit, based on class of the child with previous guidelines based on child's weight.

A cross-sectional study was done among students of schools from two cities of India - Pune and Hyderabad. Weight of school bag of 1321 children was measured and classified as 'heavy' or 'normal' based on existing as well as new guidelines. Agreement between two guidelines was also calculated.

In our study, 722 (77.2%) out of 935 students from class 1-10 were found to be carrying 'heavy' school bags. Kappa coefficient for agreement between two guidelines was 0.55 (0.47,0.60) indicating moderately strong agreement.

Large proportion of school children are carrying school bags with weight beyond permissible limits. There is a need for all stake holders to take steps to reduce weight of school bags.
Large proportion of school children are carrying school bags with weight beyond permissible limits. There is a need for all stake holders to take steps to reduce weight of school bags.
To assess the progression of thyrotropinemia to overt hypothyroidism in overweight and obese children.

150 overweight and obese children aged 5-15 years were enrolled. Free T4 and thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH) were done at enrollment and for those with TSH >5 mIU/L, TSH levels were repeated after 1 year.

The mean (SD) body mass index (BMI) and TSH were 23.8 (3.19) kg/m2 and 2.70 (2.44) mIU/L, respectively. 17 children had thyrotropinemia (TSH between 10-15mIU/L); 10 (84.6%) of these children attained normal TSH levels at one year follow-up, and none progressed to overt hypothyroidism (TSH >15 mlU/L).

Levels of 5-15 mIU/L are common in asymptomatic overweight and obese children. Majority of these children revert back to normal TSH levels on follow-up.
Levels of 5-15 mIU/L are common in asymptomatic overweight and obese children. Majority of these children revert back to normal TSH levels on follow-up.
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