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One in three college students have overweight or obesity and are in need of brief, simple weight loss interventions. Implementation intentions, a strategy that connects a goal-aligned behavior to a cue, facilitate goal attainment of health behaviors but have not been applied as a standalone treatment for weight loss. The purpose of this study was to examine the efficacy of an implementation intention weight loss intervention in college students. In this three-arm, proof-of-concept, randomized controlled trial, college students with overweight/obesity (N = 95) were randomized to one of three conditions an implementation intention group (IMP), an enhanced implementation intention group (IMP+) that included text message reminders and fluency training (i.e., training for speed and accuracy), and a control goal intention group (GOL) for 4 weeks. Participants completed anthropometric and self-report assessments pretreatment and posttreatment and experience-sampling assessments during the study to assess how implementation intentions contribute to behavior change. Across the sample, IMP and IMP+ groups reported significantly more goal-congruent behaviors than the GOL group. However, no between-condition differences emerged for weight and diet outcomes. Across conditions, students lost a statistically significant amount of weight, improved diet quality, and reduced caloric intake (ps less then .05). Setting implementation intentions was associated with increased behaviors consistent with weight loss goals. Moreover, participants in all groups lost a statistically significant amount of weight. Incorporating implementation intentions into weight loss interventions, and testing the efficacy of this approach on weight loss over a longer duration, may be beneficial for college students with overweight/obesity. © Society of Behavioral Medicine 2020. Selleck SB225002 All rights reserved. For permissions, please e-mail [email protected] The use of endoscopic vein harvesting in patients undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting is increasing, often using bedside mapping. However, data on the predictive value of great saphenous vein (GSV) mapping are scarce. This study assessed whether preoperative mapping could predict final conduit diameter. METHODS A prospective registry was created that included 251 patients. Saphenous vein mapping was performed prior to endoscopic vein harvesting at 3 predetermined sites. After harvesting and preparing the GSV, the outer diameters were measured. Appropriate graft size was defined as an outer diameter between 3 and 6 mm. RESULTS A total of 753 GSV segments were analysed. The average mapping diameter was 3.2 ± 0.7 mm. The harvested GSV had a mean diameter of 4.7 ± 0.8 mm. Mapping diameters were significantly positively correlated with actual GSV diameters (correlation coefficient, 0.47; P  less then  0.001). If the preoperative mapping diameters were between 1.5 and 5 mm, 96.6% of the GSVs had suitable dimensions after endoscopic vein harvesting. CONCLUSIONS Preoperative bedside mapping moderately predicts final GSV size after endoscopic harvesting but could not detect unsuitable vein segments. However, the majority of endoscopically harvested GSVs had diameters suitable to be used as coronary bypass grafts. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES Surgery for acute type A aortic dissection (type AAD) in non-agenarians is usually contraindicated due to advanced age. The aim of this study was to assess and compare outcomes after surgical or conservative treatment for acute type AAD in non-agenarians by evaluating frailty. METHODS Between October 2012 and September 2018, 273 patients underwent open repair for type AAD at the Shonan Kamakura General Hospital and the Shonan Fujisawa Tokushukai Hospital, and here, we retrospectively reviewed the case reports of 10 surgically treated non-agenarians and 15 conservatively treated non-agenarians. Exclusion criteria for surgery were the patient's refusal of surgery, severe dementia and coma. In patients considered to be at a high risk, our judgements were based on the results of comprehensive evaluation. RESULTS Both in-hospital mortality and 30-day mortality in the surgical group were zero, while in-hospital mortality in conservatively treated non-agenarians was 73.3%. Importantly, 1-year survival in the surgical group and conservative group was 90% and 25%, respectively. The 5-year survival in the surgical group and conservative group was 49.2% and 25%, respectively (log-rank test, P = 0.0105). Four of 6 patients with preoperative clinical frailty scores not higher than 4 were still alive at 1 year with the same level of preoperative frailty. CONCLUSIONS Surgery for acute type AAD in non-agenarians can be performed with acceptable outcomes in carefully selected patients, particularly in those with preoperative clinical frailty scores not higher than 4. © The Author(s) 2020. Published by Oxford University Press on behalf of the European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery. All rights reserved.OBJECTIVES Spinal cord ischaemia (SCI) remains the most devastating complication after thoraco-abdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA) repair. Its early detection is crucial if therapeutic interventions are to be successful. Cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) is readily available and accessible to microdialysis (MD) capable of detecting metabolites involved in SCI [i.e. lactate, pyruvate, the lactate/pyruvate ratio (LPR), glucose and glycerol] in real time. Our aim was to evaluate the feasibility of CSF MD for the real-time detection of SCI metabolites. METHODS In a combined experimental and translational approach, CSF MD was evaluated (i) in an established experimental large animal model of SCI with 2 arms (a) after aortic cross-clamping (AXC, N = 4), simulating open TAAA repair and (b) after total segmental artery sacrifice (Th4-L5, N = 8) simulating thoracic endovascular aortic repair. The CSF was analysed utilizing MD every 15 min. Additionally, CSF was collected hourly from 6 patients undergoing open TAAA repair in a high-volume aortic reference centre and analysed using CSF MD.
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