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The remaining endpoints examined surrogate hemodynamic parameters of cardiac function through echocardiography. The mean Jadad score of the published trials investigating pharmacological therapies was 2.42. Of the trials investigating device therapies or revascularization methods, all were randomized, parallel-arm studies that were open label. CONCLUSIONS Modern trials vary from single center to multicenter and are small in size. The primary endpoints were clinical, focusing on mortality and restoration of cardiac output or cardiac index. Methodological quality varies in the trials focused on pharmacologic therapy. Trials with devices or revascularization do not employ blinding, but do employ randomization.BACKGROUND Accurate information and guidance about personal behaviors that can reduce exposure to severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 are among the most important elements in mitigating the spread of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19). With over 2 billion users, YouTube is a media channel that millions turn to when seeking information. OBJECTIVE At the time of this study, there were no published studies investigating the content of YouTube videos related to COVID-19. This study aims to address this gap in the current knowledge. METHODS The 100 most widely viewed YouTube videos uploaded throughout the month of January 2020 were reviewed and the content covered was described. Collectively, these videos were viewed over 125 million times. RESULTS Fewer than one-third of the videos covered any of the seven key prevention behaviors listed on the US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention website. CONCLUSIONS These results represent an important missed opportunity for disease prevention. ©Corey H Hannah Basch, Grace C Hillyer, Zoe C Meleo-Erwin, Christie Jaime, Jan Mohlman, Charles E Basch. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (http//publichealth.jmir.org), 02.04.2020.BACKGROUND The Royal College of General Practitioners (RCGP) Research and Surveillance Centre (RSC) and Public Health England (PHE) have successfully worked together on the surveillance of influenza and other infectious diseases for over 50 years, including three previous pandemics. With the emergence of the international outbreak of the coronavirus infection (COVID-19), a UK national approach to containment has been established to test people suspected of exposure to COVID-19. At the same time and separately, the RCGP RSC's surveillance has been extended to monitor the temporal and geographical distribution of COVID-19 infection in the community as well as assess the effectiveness of the containment strategy. OBJECTIVES The aims of this study are to surveil COVID-19 in both asymptomatic populations and ambulatory cases with respiratory infections, ascertain both the rate and pattern of COVID-19 spread, and assess the effectiveness of the containment policy. METHODS The RCGP RSC, a network of over 500 general DERR1-10.2196/18606. ©Simon de Lusignan, Jamie Lopez Bernal, Maria Zambon, Oluwafunmi Akinyemi, Gayatri Amirthalingam, Nick Andrews, Ray Borrow, Rachel Byford, André Charlett, Gavin Dabrera, Joanna Ellis, Alex J Elliot, Michael Feher, Filipa Ferreira, Else Krajenbrink, Jonathan Leach, Ezra Linley, Harshana Liyanage, Cecilia Okusi, Mary Ramsay, Gillian Smith, Julian Sherlock, Nicholas Thomas, Manasa Tripathy, John Williams, Gary Howsam, Mark Joy, Richard Hobbs. Originally published in JMIR Public Health and Surveillance (http//publichealth.jmir.org), 02.04.2020.BACKGROUND Given the extensive time needed to conduct a nationally representative household survey and the commonly low response rate of phone surveys, rapid online surveys may be a promising method to assess and track knowledge and perceptions among the general public during fast-moving infectious disease outbreaks. OBJECTIVE This study aimed to apply rapid online surveying to determine knowledge and perceptions of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) among the general public in the United States and the United Kingdom. METHODS An online questionnaire was administered to 3000 adults residing in the United States and 3000 adults residing in the United Kingdom who had registered with Prolific Academic to participate in online research. Prolific Academic established strata by age (18-27, 28-37, 38-47, 48-57, or ≥58 years), sex (male or female), and ethnicity (white, black or African American, Asian or Asian Indian, mixed, or "other"), as well as all permutations of these strata. The number of participants who cocampaigns by public health authorities, clinicians, and the media. More broadly, rapid online surveys could be an important tool in tracking the public's knowledge and misperceptions during rapidly moving infectious disease outbreaks. ©Pascal Geldsetzer. Originally published in the Journal of Medical Internet Research (http//www.jmir.org), 02.04.2020.Proper function and repair of the digestive system are vital to most animals. Deciphering the mechanisms involved in these processes requires an atlas of gene expression and cell types. https://www.selleckchem.com/products/icec0942-hydrochloride.html Here, we applied laser-capture microdissection (LCM) and RNA-seq to characterize the intestinal transcriptome of Schmidtea mediterranea, a planarian flatworm that can regenerate all organs, including the gut. We identified hundreds of genes with intestinal expression undetected by previous approaches. Systematic analyses revealed extensive conservation of digestive physiology and cell types with other animals, including humans. Furthermore, spatial LCM enabled us to uncover previously unappreciated regionalization of gene expression in the planarian intestine along the medio-lateral axis, especially among intestinal goblet cells. Finally, we identified two intestine-enriched transcription factors that specifically regulate regeneration (hedgehog signaling effector gli-1) or maintenance (RREB2) of goblet cells. Altogether, thisw used LCM to study cells from the planarian digestive system. This approach found 1,800 genes that have high activity in cells from the gut and showed many similarities between planaria and humans. LCM made it possible to study these cells in a new level of detail, revealing several hundred new genes as well as new cell types. The study showed that regeneration and survival of cells known as goblet cells particularly depended on two genes, gli-1 and RREB2. Irreversible gut damage in humans can result from surgeries and conditions such as acid reflux. Other animals are able to repair and regenerate the gut more successfully. Techniques like LCM can help researchers to understand the differences between humans and other species. In time, these insights may lead to technologies and therapies that can improve our own abilities to heal following injuries. © 2020, Forsthoefel et al.
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