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Connection between BNT162b2 mRNA vaccine upon COVID-19 infection along with hospitalisation amongst the elderly: harmonized case handle study regarding Great britain.
© 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Advances in digital image analysis have the potential to transform the practice of breast pathology. In the near future, a move to a digital workflow offers improvements in efficiency. Coupled with artificial intelligence (AI), digital pathology can assist pathologist interpretation, automate time-consuming tasks, and discover novel morphologic patterns. Opportunities for digital enhancements abound in breast pathology, from increasing reproducibility in grading and biomarker interpretation, to discovering features that correlate with patient outcome and treatment. Our objective is to review the most recent developments in digital pathology with clear impact to breast pathology practice. Although breast pathologists currently undertake limited adoption of digital methods, the field is rapidly evolving. Care is needed to validate emerging technologies for effective patient care. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.OBJECTIVES The effects of stress caused by natural disasters may be more pronounced in individuals with preexisting disadvantages. The degree of hardship and psychological distress associated with Hurricane Florence was assessed in 83 pregnant women. This research helps identify unmarried pregnant women as a group particularly at risk of distress following a natural disaster. METHODS We assessed hardship associated with the hurricane using a questionnaire modeled on previous studies of stress due to natural disasters. We assessed distress using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised. We assessed social support and household food security using validated questionnaires. We used hierarchical linear regression to test predictors of distress marital status. Finally, we analyzed interactions between marital status and hardship, social support, and food security to examine whether these variables explained differences in distress among married and unmarried women. RESULTS Results indicated that unmarried women may be at higher risk of distress following natural disasters. Unmarried women were younger, had lower food security and education levels. We found no differences between experiences of hurricane-related hardship based on marital status. However, unmarried women were likely to have higher levels of distress following the hurricane. Hardship was a significant predictor of distress, but food security and social support were not significant predictors. CONCLUSIONS This study identifies unmarried pregnant women as a high risk/vulnerable group that may need additional support during emergencies. Taken together, this study further assesses how socially disadvantaged members of society may be unequally impacted by natural disasters. © 2020 Wiley Periodicals, Inc.BACKGROUND With the approval of four-factor prothrombin complex concentrate (4F-PCC, Kcentra) for the reversal of vitamin K antagonist-associated bleeding in the United States, it has become a relatively common practice for 4F-PCC to be used in an "off-label" fashion to correct coagulopathy caused by direct oral anticoagulants (DOACs). However, the efficacy and safety of 4F-PCC have not been well studied in this scenario. MATERIALS AND METHODS We performed a retrospective observational study on the off-label use of 4F-PCC for reversing bleeding associated with DOACs in a level 1 trauma centre between November 2014 and February 2017. International normalised ratio (INR) and Hgb prior to and post 4F-PCC infusion, clinical outcome and thromboembolic events within 24 hours and 45 days of 4F-PCC administration were collected. RESULTS We identified 24 patients on DOACs who received 4F-PCC for severe haemorrhage and emergent surgeries. Most patients showed improved haemorrhage as demonstrated by stabilised intracranial haemorrhage sizes and/or by steady Hgb levels. No thromboembolic event was identified within 24 hours of 4F-PCC administration. However, 16.7% patients (4/24) experienced thromboembolic events 2 to 45 days after receiving 4F-PCC. CONCLUSION Our data showed that 4F-PCC was relatively efficient in correcting DOAC-induced coagulopathy. We did notice that 16.7% of patients experienced some form of thromboembolic events in the days-to-weeks after 4F-PCC administration, although the imputability of 4F-PCC in these processes (vs their underlying disease) is difficult to determine. Additional prospective studies would be warranted to further evaluate the safety of 4F-PCC for this off-label indication. © 2020 British Blood Transfusion Society.INTRODUCTION Agarwood is a highly valuable fragrant resinous wood which is widely used as traditional Chinese medicines, perfumes, incense and decorations. Due to its high economic value and excessive demand, this leads to a rising price and proliferation of fake commodities. Thus, strict authenticity identification and quality evaluation of agarwood are of great significance. OBJECTIVE To establish a simple, rapid and non-destructive technique for identifying the authenticity of agarwood. METHODS Liquid extraction surface analysis mass spectrometry (LESA-MS) was firstly proposed to identify the authenticity of 62 agarwood samples without sample preparation. In addition, multivariate statistical models and thin-layer chromatography (TLC) method were used to analyse and verify the results of LESA-MS. RESULTS Representative compounds of agarwood were detected by LESA-MS. A characteristic 2-(2-phenylethyl)chromone compound (m/z 319.1) was treated as a key chemical marker to identify agarwood and its counterfeits rapidly. Several other chromones ions were identified and used as additional evidence for authentic samples. A total of 62 samples were visually discriminated as two groups by principal component analysis (PCA) and orthogonal projection to latent structures discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA), and the specific characteristic marker was highlighted. check details Moreover, the qualitative results of the conventional TLC method were in agreement with the LESA-MS approach. CONCLUSION The proposed LESA-MS method was successfully applied in the direct qualitative analysis of agarwood from different sources. This study indicated great feasibility and practicality of LESA-MS in the rapid identification of agarwood, and provided a non-destructive and meaningful preliminary screening tool for the agarwood industry. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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