Notes

Methods for Unique hiPSCs in to General Clean Muscle tissues.
This study aimed to investigate the effect of a home-based stretching exercise on multi-segmental foot motion and clinical outcomes in patients with plantar fasciitis (PF).

A single group pre- and post-test design was conducted for this study in 20 patients with PF. They had the self home-based stretching program of calf muscle for 3 weeks. They were assessed for the multi-segmental foot motion (degree) and clinical outcomes which included the plantar fascia pain/disability scale (PFPS) (score), muscle length (degree) of gastrocnemius and soleus, and muscle strength (kg) of ankle dorsiflexors, plantarflexors, invertors, evertors, great toe flexors, and lesser toe flexors.

There were no significant differences (p>0.05) in multi-segmental foot motion and muscle length after exercise. Significant improvements (p<0.05) were found in PFPS and muscle strength of ankle plantarflexors, invertors, evertors, great toe flexors, and lesser toe flexors after exercise.

A home-based stretching exercise was an effective program for reducing pain, enhancing muscle strength for both extrinsic and intrinsic foot muscles in patients with PF.
A home-based stretching exercise was an effective program for reducing pain, enhancing muscle strength for both extrinsic and intrinsic foot muscles in patients with PF.
Flexible flatfoot is a common deformity in adults that has been thought to be a causative factor of a lot of lower limb injuries and back pain. Core muscles act as stabilizers for the trunk and weak core places a person at greater risk of low back pain and lower limb injuries. We aimed to compare the core muscles' endurance between individuals with and without flatfeet.

Thirty subjects with bilateral flexible flatfeet (study group) were compared with thirty healthy subjects (control group). see more Navicular drop test was used to evaluate the medial longitudinal arch. Modified back extensors, modified flexion and lateral muscles' endurance tests were used to evaluate the endurance of the core muscles.

The lateral muscles' endurance time in the flatfeet group was found to be significantly lower than that of the healthy group on both sides (p=0.0001). However, no significant difference was found in the trunk flexors' (p=0.15) and trunk extensors' (p=0.27) endurance time between both groups.

Impairment of the lateral core muscles' endurance was observed in subjects with bilateral flexible flatfeet which may predispose to low back pain and other lower limb injuries in those subjects.
Impairment of the lateral core muscles' endurance was observed in subjects with bilateral flexible flatfeet which may predispose to low back pain and other lower limb injuries in those subjects.
To explore the role of medial collateral ligament repair in knee osteoarthritis based on TLR4/ MyD88/ NF-κ inflammatory signaling pathway.

The modified Hulth method was used to establish models, which were divided into a repair group, a model group, and a sham operation group. The repair group was treated with medial ligament repair technology. Synovium and cartilage morphological changes were evaluated by hematoxylin-eosin staining to determine the degree of reparation. The cartilage was evaluated by the Mankin's score, and inflammatory factors in cartilage tissues were determined by ELISA. The changes in TLR4, MyD88, and NF-κB levels were analyzed using the real-time quantitative PCR and Western blot assays.

The synovial and cartilage damages in the repair group and the sham operation group were significantly alleviated compared to the model group. The Mankin's score of the model group was significantly lower than the other two groups. The expression of inflammatory factors in the repair group and the sham operation group were significantly lower than in the model group. The expressions of those factors in the repair group and the model group were higher than those in the model group.

Medial ligament repair can improve the cartilage morphology and delay the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
Medial ligament repair can improve the cartilage morphology and delay the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis by inhibiting the TLR4/MyD88/NF-κB signaling pathway.
This study aimed to evaluate changes in i) muscle contractile properties of both lower extremities by using tensiomyography (TMG); ii) patients' physical function, and iii) electromechanical efficiency (EME) of the gastrocnemius medialis muscle in total knee arthroplasty (TKA) patients from before to one-month after TKA.

Twenty-six patients scheduled for TKA were included.

The significant muscle*time interaction was found for sustain time and maximal radial displacement (Dm) (η
≥0.219) only, whereas time*leg interaction was found for time delay and Dm (η
≥0.254) only. Post hoc analysis showed a significant decrease of Dm of vastus medialis and increase in contraction time (Tc) of both the vastus lateralis and rectus femoris muscles of the involved leg, respectively. Furthermore, reduction of knee extensors (-55.4%) and flexors (-22.2%) strength, timed up and go (-26.9%), 30s chair stand (-28.9%) and EME (-38.2%) was observed.

TKA treatment altered physical function as well as contractile properties of the main skeletal muscles surrounding the involved joint in the early period after surgery; however, alterations showed to be both limb and muscle-specific. This might provide clinicians and physiotherapist with additional information on how to adapt rehabilitation to the needs of an individual patient.
TKA treatment altered physical function as well as contractile properties of the main skeletal muscles surrounding the involved joint in the early period after surgery; however, alterations showed to be both limb and muscle-specific. This might provide clinicians and physiotherapist with additional information on how to adapt rehabilitation to the needs of an individual patient.The aim of this study is to review and discuss the literature on the utilization of magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) in investigating the structure and feasible function of the myodural bridge complex (MDBC) with relevant muscles, which will be useful to understand the function of the MDB. The myodural bridge (MDB) is a soft tissue connective bridge that provides a fascial continuity between the musculature/ligament and cervical spinal dura mater (SDM) in the suboccipital areas. All of these involved structures are referred to as the MDBC. It would transfer tensile forces effectively from involved suboccipital muscles/ligament to SDM during head movement. Despite present achievements, its anatomic and functional role is still unclear. MRI enables not only in vivo visualization of ligaments, musculature and spinal dura with conventional T1W, T2W and PDW imaging, but also functional evaluation of MDBC with relevant muscles, such as muscles' fatty infiltration, cross-sectional area changes and injuries. Though some functional MRI techniques have not been used for the MDBC with relevant muscles now, these techniques have great potential to better understand function of MDBC including its suspected clinical role.
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