Notes

Style Awareness regarding The elderly Is assigned to Total well being along with Insufficient Diet Ingestion.
The coupling between constructed wetlands and reservoir (CWs-R) afforded a novel ecosystem to improve the water quality and increase the emergency storage capacity of micro-polluted river drinking water source. In this study, spectroscopic characteristics of DOM in YL CWs-R ecosystem were first systematic studied based on a three-year field monitoring to investigate the chemical composition, sources and track the involved biogeochemical processes in the ecosystem. Three humic-like components (C1, C2, and C4, em >380 nm) and one protein-like component (C3, em 0.05), which implies that the biodegradation and production of protein-like component may balance each other in the CWs-R ecosystem. The ecological pond unit plays a major role in the removal and transformation of DOM, especially in summer, while wetland purification unit contributes little to DOM reduction. In addition, the decay of aquatic macrophytes in wetland purification unit and the risk of algal bloom in the ecological pond unit might become important autochthonous sources of DOM, especially in summer and autumn. These findings are critical for further understanding the transformation processes of DOM in large-scale CWs-R ecosystems, and could provide important implications to improve sustainable safety of drinking water sources.Ozone is a strong oxidant commonly used in drinking water treatment, but its role in the transformation/formation of organic matters (OMs) and disinfection by-products (DBPs) in the drinking water treatment chain had not been systematically studied. In this work the occurrence and building up of OMs, DBPs of trihalomethanes (THMs) and nitrosamines (NAs) during water purification steps under different pre-ozonation dosages have been studied through lab-scale and pilot-scale studies. Results indicated that 0-0.4 mg/L of pre-ozonation dosage could reduce organic load of following-up process steps but insufficient to control DBPs. Seasonal performances of a pilot plant indicated that the accumulation of DBPs was much less in summer than in winter. Furthermore the formation potential of NAs was higher in winter than summer when 0.4 mg/L pre-ozonation was dosed while the maximum removal efficiency of organic matter was found at a pre-ozonation dosage of 0.8 mg/L in summer. Finally a seasonal trade-off control strategy for both OMs and DBPs was proposed with an elucidated role of pre-ozonation in the drinking water treatment chain. This study provided working principles on optimizing pre-ozonation dosage and a seasonal control strategy for trade-off control of both OMs and DBPs in drinking water treatment plants.Rhizosphere microbiota play a pivotal role in promoting plant growth and defending against pathogens, but their responses to abiotic environmental stress remain largely elusive. Here, we investigated the influences of low-N stress on rhizosphere bacteria of six sorghum cultivars in a glasshouse experiment. The alpha diversity of bacteria (as revealed by Shannon diversity and Chao1 richness indices) was remarkably lower in rhizosphere soils than in bulk soils, and was significantly higher under low-N stress than under N addition. Principal coordinates analysis revealed that the bacterial community compositions in rhizosphere soils were clearly separated from bulk soils, and the rhizosphere soils under low-N stress or with N fertilization were clearly separated, indicating that both rhizosphere effects and N fertilization impacted the rhizosphere bacterial community. Notably, the relative abundances of beneficial bacteria such as Bacillaceae and Streptomycetaceae significantly increased in rhizosphere soils under low-N stress, which had significantly positive correlations with the sorghum N uptake. Rutin The relative abundance of Nitrosomonadaceae in rhizosphere soils was significantly lower than that in bulk soils, while the relative abundance of Rhizobiaceae showed an opposite pattern. Taken together, our results suggested that sorghum rhizosphere effects can reduce soil bacterial diversity possibly through recruiting specific bacterial species under low N stress.Wheat is one of the main sources of dietary Cd in northern China, and the reduction of Cd accumulation in wheat is of great significance for human health. This study explored and highlighted the effects of soil application of manganese sulfate (MnSO4) on the distribution and transport of Cd in two wheat cultivars, and identified the key tissues and elements during the Cd translocation in wheat by measuring the concentrations of eight elements in 17 parts of wheat under MnSO4 treatment. The bioaccumulation factor of Cd in the roots and the translocation factor of Cd in node1 (connected to the panicle) of the high-Cd wheat cultivar were found to be higher than that of the low-Cd wheat cultivar. Soil application of MnSO4 (0.05-0.2%) significantly reduced the Cd concentration in high- and low-Cd wheat grains by 24.16-57.52% and 25.90-63.44%, respectively, and decreased the Cd concentrations in all wheat tissues. MnSO4 application had no effect on wheat growth, and the inhibition effects on wheat Cd accumulation were more pronounced at wheat-seeding stage. MnSO4 application inhibited Cd uptake by the ion antagonism between Mn/Zn/Fe and Cd in the wheat roots and reduced Cd upward transport by reducing the Cd transport from node1 to internode1 and from panicle to wheat grain. Nodes 2-4 can restrict the transport of both Cd and Mn, whereas node1 and the panicle can inhibit Cd transport but have no effect on Mn transport. The ionomic results show that the overall spatial distribution of different tissues is consistent with the growth morphology of wheat plants. MnSO4 application significantly changed the ionomes of the roots, nodes, glumes, and wheat grains; meanwhile, the differences in the ionomic responses among the roots are the most remarkable. The results of this study show that soil application of MnSO4 is efficient for reducing the Cd accumulation in wheat grown in Cd-contaminated soil, demonstrating wide application potential.Urban runoff belongs to important carriers of pollutants that during infiltration can accumulate in the soil/water environment. One of the protection solutions may be the enhancement of infiltration systems by horizontal permeable treatment zones. The article presents the results of column tests carried out in order to determine (1) the influence of the hydraulic loading rate on the dynamic capacities of selected reactive materials low-cost mineral materials (zeolite, limestone sand, halloysite) and reference material (activated carbon), and control soils (topsoil and Vistula sand) against Zn, NH4+ and PO43-, and (2) remobilization of contaminants under the influence of salt (NaCl 5 g/L) present in synthetic runoff water. The research has revealed that the most useful for the removal of zinc ions was limestone sand (>4.36 mg/g), of orthophosphates - halloysite (2.29 mg/g on the average), and of ammonium ions - zeolite (2.75 mg/g on the average). The control soils were characterized by low ability to immobilize the contaminants tested.
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