Notes

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reader.
© RSNA, 2020See also commentary by White in this issue.
A deep learning-based nodule detection algorithm showed excellent detection performance of lung cancers that were not reported on chest radiographs during routine practice and significantly reduced reading errors when used as a second reader.Supplemental material is available for this article.© RSNA, 2020See also commentary by White in this issue.
To compare the prognostic value and reproducibility of visual versus AI-assisted analysis of lung involvement on submillisievert low-dose chest CT in COVID-19 patients.

This was a HIPAA-compliant, institutional review board-approved retrospective study. From March 15 to June 1, 2020, 250 RT-PCR confirmed COVID-19 patients were studied with low-dose chest CT at admission. Visual and AI-assisted analysis of lung involvement was performed by using a semi-quantitative CT score and a quantitative percentage of lung involvement. Adverse outcome was defined as intensive care unit (ICU) admission or death. Cox regression analysis, Kaplan-Meier curves, and cross-validated receiver operating characteristic curve with area under the curve (AUROC) analysis was performed to compare model performance. Intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) and Bland- Altman analysis was used to assess intra- and interreader reproducibility.

Adverse outcome occurred in 39 patients (11 deaths, 28 ICU admissions). AUC values from AIonal visual analysis in predicting outcome in COVID-19 patients while reducing CT variability. Lung involvement on chest CT could be used as a reliable metric in future clinical trials.
The role of dual energy computed tomographic pulmonary angiography (DECTPA) in revealing vasculopathy in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has not been fully explored.

To evaluate the relationship between DECTPA and disease duration, right ventricular dysfunction (RVD), lung compliance, D-dimer and obstruction index in COVID-19 pneumonia.

This institutional review board approved this retrospective study, and waived the informed consent requirement. Between March-May 2020, 27 consecutive ventilated patients with severe COVID-19 pneumonia underwent DECTPA to diagnose pulmonary thrombus (PT); 11 underwent surveillance DECTPA 14 ±11.6 days later. Qualitative and quantitative analysis of perfused blood volume (PBV) maps recorded i) perfusion defect 'pattern' (wedge-shaped, mottled or amorphous), ii) presence of PT and CT obstruction index (CTOI) and iii) PBV relative to pulmonary artery enhancement (PBV/PAenh); PBV/PAenh was also compared with seven healthy volunteers and correlated with D-Dimer and CTOI.
disease duration and inversely correlates with RVD. PBV/PAenh may be an important marker of vasculopathy in severe COVID-19 pneumonia even in the absence of arterial thrombus.
To investigate how COVID-19 has impacted pediatric radiology practice around the world at the present time.

This study was based on a survey conducted by the World Federation of Pediatric Imaging (WFPI) COVID-19 task force. Pediatric radiology representatives from countries around the world were identified and asked to complete an electronic survey consisting of 17 questions related to the impact of, concerns surrounding, and education related to COVID-19 on pediatric radiology. For each outcome variable, a pair of 2-way frequency tables was constructed one against COVID-19 prevalence, and another against region. selleck inhibitor Tests of independence of the tables' row and column factors were performed based on Fisher's exact test and odds ratios (OR) were estimated via logistic regression models corresponding to these 2-way tables.

The survey (response rate 87%, 72/83) comprised representatives from 71 countries and Hong Kong across 6 continents. 66/72 respondents (92%) indicated that COVID-19 has resulted in moderate (21/72, 29%), significant (36/72, 50%), or complete (9/72, 13%) change in radiology departments/practices in their countries. The two most frequent concerns over the next four months were personal/family health (54/72, 75%) and exposure (48/72, 67%). 79% (57/72) of respondents indicated some level of discomfort in identifying pediatric COVID-19 imaging manifestations. Changes in resident education were reported by 68/72 (94%) respondents, and 22/72 (31%) were concerned that the likelihood of current trainees pursuing a career in pediatric radiology will be impacted.

COVID-19 has had a substantial negative impact on pediatric radiology practice around the world.
COVID-19 has had a substantial negative impact on pediatric radiology practice around the world.
To examine the independent and incremental value of CT-derived quantitative burden and attenuation of COVID-19 pneumonia for the prediction of clinical deterioration or death.

This was a retrospective analysis of a prospective international registry of consecutive patients with laboratory-confirmed COVID-19 and chest CT imaging, admitted to four centers between January 10 and May 6, 2020. Total burden (expressed as a percentage) and mean attenuation of ground glass opacities (GGO) and consolidation were quantified from CT using semi-automated research software. The primary outcome was clinical deterioration (intensive care unit admission, invasive mechanical ventilation, or vasopressor therapy) or in-hospital death. Logistic regression was performed to assess the predictive value of clinical and CT parameters for the primary outcome.

The final population comprised 120 patients (mean age 64 ± 16 years, 78 men), of whom 39 (32.5%) experienced clinical deterioration or death. In multivariable regression ofic value over and above clinical parameters, and may be useful for risk stratifying patients with COVID-19.
Quantitative burden of consolidation or GGO on chest CT independently predict clinical deterioration or death in patients with COVID-19 pneumonia. CT-derived measures have incremental prognostic value over and above clinical parameters, and may be useful for risk stratifying patients with COVID-19.
To evaluate the sensitivity, specificity, and severity of chest x-rays (CXR) and chest CTs over time in confirmed COVID-19+ and COVID-19- patients and to evaluate determinants of false negatives.

In a retrospective multi-institutional study, 254 RT-PCR verified COVID-19+ patients with at least one CXR or chest CT were compared with 254 age- and gender-matched COVID-19- controls. CXR severity, sensitivity, and specificity were determined with respect to time after onset of symptoms; sensitivity and specificity for chest CTs without time stratification. Performance of serial CXRs against CTs was determined by comparing area under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUC). A multivariable logistic regression analysis was performed to assess factors related to false negative CXR.

COVID-19+ CXR severity and sensitivity increased with time (from sensitivity of 55% at ≤2 days to 79% at >11 days; p<0.001 for trends of both severity and sensitivity) whereas CXR specificity decreased over time (from 83% to 70%, p=0.
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