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Meanwhile, metabolic profile studies on representative compounds provided valuable reference material to elucidate the full-scale metabolites of RC. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.BACKGROUND Food processing, including heat-treatment, can affect protein structure and stability, and consequently affect protein immunogenicity and allergenicity. A few studies have shown that structural changes induced by heat-treatment impact the intestinal protein uptake and suggest this as a contributing factor for altered allergenicity. OBJECTIVE To investigate the impact of heat-treatment of a whey-based protein product on allergenicity and tolerogenicity as well as on intestinal uptake in various animal models. METHODS Immunogenicity and sensitizing capacity of the heat-treated whey product were compared to that of the unmodified product by intraperitoneal and oral exposure studies, while tolerogenic properties were assessed by oral primary prevention and desensitization studies in high-IgE responder Brown Norway rats. RESULTS Heat-treatment of whey induced partial protein denaturation and aggregation, which reduced the intraperitoneal sensitizing capacity but not immunogenicity. In contrast, heat-trelk protein-based products for prevention and treatment of cow's milk allergy. © 2020 John Wiley & Sons Ltd.Development of improved technologies for biomass processing into transportation fuels and industrial chemicals is hindered due to a lack of efficient catalysts for selective oxygen removal. Here we report that platinum nanoparticles decorated with subnanometer molybdenum clusters can efficiently catalyze hydrodeoxygenation of acetic acid, which serves as a model biomass compound. In contrast with monometallic Mo catalysts that are inactive and monometallic Pt catalysts that have low activities and selectivities, bimetallic Pt-Mo catalysts exhibit synergistic effects with high activities and selectivities. The maximum activity occurs at a Pt to Mo molar ratio of three. Although Mo atoms themselves are catalytically inactive, they serve as preferential binding anchors for oxygen atoms while a catalytic transformation proceeds on neighboring surface Pt atoms. Beyond biomass processing, Pt-Mo nanoparticles are promising catalysts for a wide variety of reactions that require a transformation of molecules with an oxygen atom and, more broadly, in other fields of science and technology that require tuning of surface-oxygen interactions. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.Developing efficient electrocatalysts for hydrogen evolution reaction (HER) is crucial for establishing a sustainable and environmentally friendly energy system, but it is still a challenging issue. Herein, hierarchical tubular structured CoS2-MoS2/C as efficient electrocatalysts are fabricated through a unique metal-organic frameworks (MOFs) mediated self-sacrificial templating. Core-shell structured MoO3@ZIF-67 nanorods are used both as a precursor and a sacrificial template to form one-dimensional tubular heterostructure where vertically aligned two-dimensional CoS2-MoS2 nanosheets are formed on MOF-derived carbon tube. Selleckchem Mavoglurant Trace amount of noble metal (Pd, Rh, and Ru) are successfully introduced to enhance the electrocatalytic property of the CoS2-MoS2/C nanocomposites. The as-synthesized hierarchical tubular heterostructures exhibit excellent HER catalytic performance through the merits of a hierarchical hollow architecture with abundantly exposed edge and the uniformly dispersed active sites. Impressively, the optimal Pd-CoS2-MoS2/C-600 catalyst delivers a current density of 10 mA/cm2 at a low overpotential of 144 mV and a small Tafel slope of 59.9 mV/dec in 0.5 M H2SO4. Overall, this MOF mediated strategy can be extended to rational design and synthesize of other hollow heterogeneous catalysts for scalable hydrogen generation. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.OBJECTIVE Determine whether an emergency medicine-focused clinical pathology training course improved the proficiency of house officers. DESIGN Prospective blinded study. SETTING Veterinary academic center. STUDY SUBJECT House officers enrolled in programs other than clinical pathology. INTERVENTIONS A 4-hour curriculum was provided by a board-certified specialist in veterinary clinical pathology. MEASUREMENTS AND MAIN RESULTS A focused clinical pathology lecture course derived from historical teaching materials was delivered. A pre- and post-course multiple choice question examination was taken by the enrolled house officers, as well as a survey regarding their confidence level pre- and post-course utilizing a novel 5-point scoring system, ranging from 1 (very low confidence) to 5 (very high). A total of 21 house officers completed the study, 5 of which attended didactic lectures, 13 utilized an online learning platform, and 3 used a combination of both. There was a significant improvement in all house offic of emergency veterinarians. © Veterinary Emergency and Critical Care Society 2020.Recently, ferroelasticity has been reported for several types of molecular crystals, which show mechanical-stress-induced shape change under twinning and/or spontaneous formation of strain. Aiming to create materials that exhibit both ferroelasticity and light-emission characteristics, we discovered the first examples of ferroelastic luminescent organometallic crystals. Crystals of arylgold(I)( N -heterocyclic carbene)(NHC) complexes bend upon exposure to anisotropic mechanical stress. X-ray diffraction analyses and stress-strain measurements on these ferroelastic crystals confirmed typical ferroelastic behavior, mechanical twinning, and the spontaneous build-up of strain. A comparison with single-crystal structures of related gold-NHC complexes that do not show ferroelasticity shed light on the structural origins of the ferroelastic behavior. © 2020 WILEY-VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim.It has been well established, particularly in animal models, that oestrogens exert neuroprotective effects in brain areas linked to cognitive processes. A key protective role could reside in the capacity of oestrogen to modulate the inflammatory response. However, the direct neuroprotective actions of oestrogens on neurones are complex and remain to be fully clarified. In the present study, we took advantage of a previously characterised primary culture of human cholinergic neurones (hfNBM) from the foetal nucleus basalis of Meynert, which is known to regulate hippocampal and neocortical learning and memory circuits, aiming to investigate the direct effects of oestrogens under inflammatory conditions. Exposure of cells to tumour necrosis factor (TNF)α (10 ng mL-1 ) determined the activation of an inflammatory response, as demonstrated by nuclear factor-kappa B p65 nuclear translocation and cyclooxygenase-2 mRNA expression. These effects were inhibited by treatment with either 17β-oestradiol (E2 ) (10 nmol L-1 ) or G1 (100 nmol L-1 ), the selective agonist of the G protein-coupled oestrogen receptor (GPER1).
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