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3-D modelling applications throughout ultrasound examination schooling: a systematic review.
Heart and lung transplant patients can develop conditions necessitating general surgery procedures. Their postoperative morbidity and mortality remain poorly characterized and limited to case series from select centers.

The National Inpatient Sample (1998-2015) was used to identify 6433 heart and 3015 lung transplant patient admissions for general surgery procedures. For a comparator group, we identified 23,764,164 nontransplant patient admissions for the same procedures. Patient morbidity and mortality after general surgery were compared between transplant patients and nontransplant patients. Data were analyzed with frequency tables,

analysis, and a mixed-effects multivariate regression.

Overall mortality was higher and length of stay longer in the transplant group compared to the nontransplant group. Analysis revealed that hospital size and comorbidities were predictors of mortality for patients undergoing certain general surgery procedures. find more Transplant status alone did not predict mortality.

Our findings demonstrate that heart and lung transplant patients, compared to nontransplant patients, have more complications and a higher length of stay after certain general surgery procedures.
Our findings demonstrate that heart and lung transplant patients, compared to nontransplant patients, have more complications and a higher length of stay after certain general surgery procedures.
Pancreatic cancer has been shown to cause diabetes mellitus, and diabetes mellitus has been shown to be a risk factor for pancreatic cancer. The effect of pancreaticoduodenectomy on risk for development of diabetes mellitus is unclear. This study used hemoglobin A1c to determine the incidence of diabetes mellitus development following pancreaticoduodenectomy based on preoperative risk of diabetes mellitus.

Retrospective review of patients undergoing pancreaticoduodenectomy was performed with comparison of preoperative diabetes mellitus status and hemoglobin A1c with development of diabetes mellitus postoperatively. Risk ratios were calculated to determine the risk for diabetes mellitus development.

Among 90 patients who met inclusion criteria, 26.7% developed new-onset or worsening diabetes mellitus following pancreaticoduodenectomy. Of those with hemoglobin A1c ≤ 5.6%, only 7.7% of patients developed diabetes mellitus. Patients at risk for diabetes mellitus preoperatively had 4.0 times greater risk for development of diabetes mellitus following pancreaticoduodenectomy.

Hemoglobin A1c levels should be used to identify patients at risk for new-onset or worsening diabetes mellitus following pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Hemoglobin A1c levels should be used to identify patients at risk for new-onset or worsening diabetes mellitus following pancreaticoduodenectomy.
Obstetric and gynecologic procedures are valuable in rural settings. Data identifying common procedures may better prepare surgeons to meet patient needs in remote settings.

A literature review using key MeSH terms was performed according to methods described by the Cochrane Collaboration and PRISMA on studies that described obstetric and gynecologic surgery in rural high-income countries or any setting in middle- to low-income countries. Meta-analysis was performed using random effects modeling for odds ratios of cesarean delivery and hysterectomy as proportions of total surgical volume.

A total of 195 studies were included for qualitative synthesis and 22 for quantitative analysis. Obstetric and gynecologic procedures made up a 19% of all surgical cases. As compared to other obstetric and gynecologic surgical procedures, cesarean delivery was the most common procedure with odds ratio of 2.39 (95% confidence interval 1.48-3.86), and hysterectomy was the second most common procedure with odds ratio of 1.60 (1.57-1.64). However, heterogeneity between the studies was extremely high and risk of bias was high, limiting quality of findings.

Greater provision of surgical care can be enhanced by defining which procedures are most needed, which include many obstetric and gynecologic procedures, most commonly cesarean delivery and hysterectomy.
Greater provision of surgical care can be enhanced by defining which procedures are most needed, which include many obstetric and gynecologic procedures, most commonly cesarean delivery and hysterectomy.
Smartphones allow users to store health and identification information that is accessible without a passcode-conceivably invaluable information for care of unresponsive trauma patients. We sought to characterize the use of smartphone emergency medical identification applications and hypothesized that these are infrequently used but positively perceived.

We surveyed a convenience sample of adult trauma patients/family members (nonproviders) and providers from an urban Level I trauma center during July 2018 on their demographics and smartphone emergency medical identification application usage. Descriptive and chi-square/Fisher exact analyses were performed to characterize the use of smartphone emergency medical identification applications and compare groups.

338 subjects participated; most were female (52%) with median age of 36 (29-48). 182 (54%) were providers and 306 (91%) owned smartphones. 157 (51%) owners were aware smartphone emergency medical identification existed, but only 94 (31%) used it. 123 providers encountered unresponsive patients with smartphones, but only 26 (21%) queried smartphone emergency medical identification, with 19 (73%) finding smartphone emergency medical identification helpful. All 8 (100%) nonproviders who reported to have had their smartphone emergency medical identification queried believed it was beneficial. There were no differences between groups in smartphone emergency medical identification awareness and utilization.

Smartphone emergency medical identification technology is underused despite its potential benefits. Future work should focus on improving education to use this technology in trauma care.
Smartphone emergency medical identification technology is underused despite its potential benefits. Future work should focus on improving education to use this technology in trauma care.
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