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25 V during the first reduction process. The decomposition reaction was more vigorous and occurred at a higher potential in the propylene carbonate-based electrolyte solution, resulting in the formation of a thick solid electrolyte interphase film. These results suggest that the solid electrolyte interphase formation on Si electrodes is strongly influenced by the composition of the electrolyte solution.In this paper, we propose a method to detect thermal transport suitable in nanometers scale. It is feasible using the GIDL-biased MOSFET as thermal sensor. It is because the GIDL current is occurred due to the band-to-band tunnelling of the electron in a small overlap region between gate and drain. Using the relation between the thermal transport and the thermal properties (the heat resistivity and heat capacity), we conducted two ways to heat up. By generating heat in the step and sinusoidal wave form with a transistor and observing the response at other place, we were able to estimate the speed of heat on the chip. The thermal response is measured by the GIDL current of another MOSFET. The speed of the heat generated at the MOSFET is measured about 2.12 m/s.Ovonic Threshold Switch (OTS) device is most popular switching device in PRAM. find more There are many OTS device research; however, it is hard to make reasonable OTS device which uses a circuit simulation and real device. In this work, we studied the OTS device emulation circuit, which can follow OTS characteristic, especially snapback current using 0.18 μm CMOS technology. This circuitry composes snapback current generator, cut off switch and output driver. Snapback current generator can make the current level up to 300 μA.It is essential for multifunctional asphalt to develop the new nanostructures with high photocatalytic activity in order to endow asphalt with the self-cleaning ability of contamination. Multi-walled carbon nanotubes/ZnO (MWNTs/ZnO) composites were synthesized based on microwave irradiation and their structure and photocatalytic properties were investigated. The experimental results showed that MWNTs/ZnO powder with different morphologies was attained such as cone-shaped, floral-patterned and fusiform structures. The as-obtained MWNTs/ZnO composites were proved to possess quite high catalytic activities for degradation of methyl orange (MO). Especially, the floral-patternedMWNTs/ZnO composites displayed better photocatalytic performance than the other composites indicating that the resultant MWNTs/ZnO composites can be used as photocatalysts without any additional treatment.Epoxy resin (EP) composites have been investigated in this study for improving chemical resistance and corrosion protection performance. Homogeneous EP coatings doped by 2 wt.% of respective Si₃N₄, SiO₂ and SiC nanoparticles were successfully fabricated on stainless steel substrates. The microstructure of composites was characterized using FTIR spectra and field-emission scanning microscope. The effects of incorporating the Si-based compound nanoparticles on the surface characteristics and corrosion/resistance of coated steel were investigated by potentiodynamic polarization, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy and water contact-angle. The EP composites have significant advantages over the EP, such as higher thermal stability, larger surface roughness and better barrier performance. Additionally, SiC modified EP exhibited optimized performance as it possessed the lowest corrosion current density (5.20 × 10-7 A/cm²) and the highest coating resistance R1 (9.405 × 106 Ω).Growth processes and electrochemical behaviors of 4-fluorobenzenethiol (4-FBT) self-assembled monolayers (SAMs) on Au(111) prepared by vapor deposition at 323 K were examined using scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) and cyclic voltammetry (CV). STM imaging revealed that 4-FBT SAMs at the initial growth stage (deposition for 1 min) were mainly composed of bright molecular aggregates and liquid-like disordered phase. After longer deposition for 3 min, 4-FBT SAMs had three distinct surface features a few molecular aggregates, small ordered domains, and disordered phase. These small ordered domains with sizes ranging from 5 to 10 nm had a (4× √3)R30° packing structure. As deposition time increased to 24 h, long-range ordered domains larger than 40 nm were formed on Au(111) surfaces. From this STM study, we demonstrate that phase transitions of 4-FBT SAMs on Au(111) occur from molecular aggregates to large ordered domains via formation of small ordered domains as deposition time increases. CV measurements showed reductive desorption peaks for 4-FBT SAMs in the range of -638~-648 mV regardless of SAM morphology, suggesting that S-Au binding strength of 4-FBT SAMs on Au electrodes is a dominant factor for electrochemical stability.The use of carbon nanotube (CNT) films as a sulfur host is a promising approach to improve the sulfur loading and energy density of Li-S batteries. However, the inability to durably incorporate polysulfides within the cathode structure results in a limited cycle life. Herein, we propose a CNTbased sulfur cathode with carbon-coated ordered mesoporous silica (c-OMS) to overcome the cycle performance issue. Scanning electron microscopy and X-ray diffraction studies on the c-OMS prepared in this work revealed that the wall surface of OMS was evenly coated with an extremely thin carbon layer. The sulfur-CNT cathode with c-OMS retained a remarkably improved capacity (942 mAh g-1) with excellent cycling stability (91%) after 100 cycles as well as significantly high sulfur utilization in the first cycle compared with the sulfur-CNT cathode with OMS. This result may stem from the surface property of c-OMS with high chemical affinity towards electrolyte solvents.An ingenious design for a three-layer sulfur cathode is demonstrated, in which the pure sulfur layer is sandwiched between carbon nanotube (CNT) films. The unique feature of this particular model is that the sulfur layer does not contain any conductive materials, and therefore, the top CNT film of the prepared three-layer CNT/S/CNT electrode is electrically isolated from the bottom CNT film. Scanning electron microscopy studies revealed that the three-layer cathode was transformed into a single CNT cathode, with proximate contact between the two CNT films in the upper plateau of the first discharge. The lithium-sulfur cells employing a CNT/S/CNT cathode exhibited remarkably enhanced performance in terms of the specific capacity, rate property, and cycling stability compared to the cells with a sulfur-coated CNT cathode. This can mainly be attributed to the top CNT film, which serves not only as an interlayer to trap the migrating polysulfides, but also as an electrode to facilitate the redox reaction of active materials.
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