Notes

Self-rated health trajectory as well as frailty amongst community-dwelling older adults: facts in the Taiwan Longitudinal Study Getting older (TLSA).
portant trochanteric migration is infrequent. The most common complications are fracture of the osteotomy fragment intraoperatively or postoperatively.

Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Therapeutic Level IV. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
The purpose of this study was to determine whether tolerated weight-bearing in a hard-soled shoe was noninferior to the use of a short leg cast for the treatment of a fifth metatarsal base avulsion fracture, as assessed with use of a 100-mm visual analog scale (VAS) for pain at 6 months after the fracture.

A total of 145 patients were assessed for eligibility. Of these, 96 patients were randomly assigned to either the hard-soled shoe group (46 patients) or the cast group (50 patients). The primary outcome measure was the mean difference on the 100-mm VAS between groups at 6 months after the fracture. Secondary outcome measures included the time to return to preinjury activity and patient-reported satisfaction. CY-09 Analysis was performed according to both an intention-to-treat basis (i.e., patients were included in the assessment of their assigned treatment arm, even if they crossed over to the other treatment arm prior to completing the 6-month follow-up) and a per-protocol basis (i.e., patients who completed a hard-soled shoe for a fifth metatarsal base avulsion fracture was noninferior to the use of a short leg cast as assessed with use of a 100-mm VAS at 6 months after the fracture. Patient-reported satisfaction was similar between groups, but the time to return to preinjury activity was shorter in the hard-soled shoe group.

Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
Therapeutic Level I. See Instructions for Authors for a complete description of levels of evidence.
A transgender person is defined as one whose gender identity is incongruent with their biological sex assigned at birth. This highly marginalized population numbers over 1.4 million individuals in the U.S.; this prevalence skews more heavily toward younger generations and is expected to increase considerably in the future.

Gender-affirming hormone therapy (GAHT) has physiologic effects on numerous aspects of the patient's health that are pertinent to the orthopaedic surgeon, including bone health, fracture risk, and perioperative risks such as venous thromboembolism and infection.

Language and accurate pronoun usage toward transgender patients can have a profound effect on a patient's experience and on both objective and subjective outcomes.

Gaps in research concerning orthopaedic care of the transgender patient are substantial. Specific areas for further study include the effects of GAHT on fracture risk and healing, outcome disparities and care access across multiple subspecialties, and establishment of perioperative management guidelines.
Gaps in research concerning orthopaedic care of the transgender patient are substantial. Specific areas for further study include the effects of GAHT on fracture risk and healing, outcome disparities and care access across multiple subspecialties, and establishment of perioperative management guidelines.
To compare vitreous substitution with silicone oil to perfluoropropane (C3F8) gas in proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) subjects undergoing pars plana vitrectomy (PPV) for the treatment of tractional retinal detachment (TRD) or extensive fibrous proliferation.

Randomized clinical trial.

Three hundred and two PDR subjects with TRD or extensive fibrous proliferation requiring PPV were enrolled into the trial. Subjects were prospectively randomized into one of two vitreous substitution groups during PPV Group A subjects underwent 1,000 centistoke silicone oil tamponade, whereas Group B subjects underwent 14-16% C3F8 gas tamponade. The principal outcome was best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA) at 6 months follow up. Secondary outcomes were postoperative complications and unplanned PPV during the 6-month trial interval.

Two hundred and fifty-eight subjects were randomized to receive a vitreous substitute and completed 6 months follow up. Group B had better BCVA, more subjects ending up with 0.4 logMAR (20/50) or better visual acuity, and more subjects ending up with 1 logMAR (20/200) or better visual acuity at 6 months compared to Group A (p< 0.001, p=0.02, p< 0.001, respectively). There were no significant differences in baseline characteristics, intraoperative or postoperative complications, or incidence of unplanned PPV between groups.

This trial demonstrated that vitreous substitution with C3F8 gas resulted in better visual acuity at 6 months compared to silicone oil tamponade in PDR patients undergoing PPV for TRD or extensive fibrous proliferation. Surgeons should consider C3F8 gas tamponade as the first-line vitreous substitute in this patient population.
This trial demonstrated that vitreous substitution with C3F8 gas resulted in better visual acuity at 6 months compared to silicone oil tamponade in PDR patients undergoing PPV for TRD or extensive fibrous proliferation. Surgeons should consider C3F8 gas tamponade as the first-line vitreous substitute in this patient population.
Visual outcomes after post-injection endophthalmitis have been well-studied, but the effect of endophthalmitis on the underlying exudative disease process remains unclear. We investigate the need for continued anti-vascular endothelial growth factor (anti-VEGF) injections after endophthalmitis.

Eyes that developed endophthalmitis after intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF between January 1, 2016, and May 31, 2018 at a single academic retina practice were identified. Retrospective chart review was performed to determine (1) the proportion of eyes without recurrence of macular edema or subretinal fluid after endophthalmitis and (2) the proportion achieving a 12-week or greater interval between anti-VEGF injections or exudation after endophthalmitis compared with internal controls before endophthalmitis.

Of 50 eyes with endophthalmitis, seven (14.0%) had no fluid recurrence at a mean of 98.1 weeks. Of 43 eyes with recurrence, 48.0% achieved a > 12-week recurrence-free interval after endophthalmitis (vs. 8.
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