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High prevalence of borderline personality disorder (BPD) diagnosis is observed among sexual minority samples. It is unclear if sexual minority individuals are systematically diagnosed with BPD at higher rates than heterosexual individuals, and if potential diagnostic disparity can be explained by differences in maladaptive personality domains. Utilizing data from partial hospital patients (N = 1,099) the current study explored (a) differences in the frequency of diagnosis of BPD based on sexual orientation, (b) whether disparities explained differences in psychopathology across groups, and (c) the congruence between traditional methods of BPD diagnosis (i.e., clinical assessment) versus diagnosis based on elevations in self-reported maladaptive personality domains consistent with the alternative model for personality disorders. Sexual minority individuals were more likely to be diagnosed with BPD than heterosexual individuals (odds ratio [OR] = 2.43, p less then .001), even after controlling for differences in clinical correlates of BPD diagnosis (age, gender, comorbid posttraumatic stress disorder, maladaptive personality domains; OR = 1.59, p less then .05). Diagnostic disparity was highest for bisexual compared with heterosexual patients. These results suggest that clinicians may be predisposed to provide a BPD diagnosis to sexual minority patients that is independent of presenting psychopathology and bear important implications for future research aimed at discerning whether such predisposition is due to measure or clinician bias.
Physicians who migrate globally face a daunting series of time-consuming, labor- and resource-intensive procedures to prove their clinical competency before being allowed to practice medicine in a new country.

In this commentary, we describe licensing barriers faced by physician-migrants based on the authors' experiences, and reflect also on rapidly implemented measures to address COVID-19 pandemic related workforce shortages. We offer recommendations for potential reductions in bureaucratic regulatory barriers that prohibit mobilization of international medical graduate talent.

Licensing boards and authorities should strive for standardized, competency-based basic professional recognition. Professional medical societies are well-positioned to guide such competency-based recognition as a more organized, international collaborative effort across specialties. The COVID-19 pandemic facilitated cross-state and international licensing in some regions, highlighting a key opportunity streamlining professional recognition requirements is achievable.
Licensing boards and authorities should strive for standardized, competency-based basic professional recognition. Professional medical societies are well-positioned to guide such competency-based recognition as a more organized, international collaborative effort across specialties. The COVID-19 pandemic facilitated cross-state and international licensing in some regions, highlighting a key opportunity streamlining professional recognition requirements is achievable.Influenza A viruses cause a spectrum of responses, from mild coldlike symptoms to severe respiratory illness and death. Intrinsic host factors, such as age, can influence disease severity. Glycosylation plays a critical role in influenza pathogenesis; however, the molecular drivers of influenza outcomes remain unknown. In this work, we characterized the host glycomic response to the H1N1 2009 pandemic influenza A virus (H1N1pdm09) as a function of age-dependent severity in a ferret model. Using our dual-color lectin microarray technology, we examined baseline glycosylation and glycomic response to infection in newly weaned and aged animals, models for young children and the elderly, respectively. Compared to adult uninfected ferrets, we observed higher levels of α-2,6-sialosides, the receptor for H1N1pdm09, in newly weaned and aged animals. We also observed age-dependent loss of O-linked α-2,3-sialosides. The loss of these highly charged groups may impact viral clearance by mucins, which corresponds to the lower clearance rates observed in aged animals. Upon infection, we observed dramatic changes in the glycomes of aged animals, a population severely impacted by the virus. In contrast, no significant alterations were observed in the newly weaned animals, which show mild to moderate responses to the H1N1pdm09. click here High mannose, a glycan recently identified as a marker of severity in adult animals, increased with severity in the aged population. However, the response was delayed, in line with the delayed development of pneumonia observed. Overall, our results may help explain the differential susceptibility to influenza A infection and severity observed as a function of age.Miniaturized organic single-crystal arrays that are addressed by reading-out circuits are crucial for high performance and high-level integration organic electronics. Here, we report a lithography compatible strategy to fabricate organic single-crystal arrays via area-selective growth and solvent vapor annealing (SVA). The organic semiconducting molecules can first selectively grow on photographically patterned drain-source electrodes, forming ordered amorphous aggregates that can further be converted to discrete single-crystal arrays by SVA. This strategy can be applied to self-align the microsized organic single crystals on predesigned locations. With this method, suppression of cross-talk among devices, organic field-effect transistors, and basic logic gate arrays with reading-out electrodes are further demonstrated.Three benzimidazole derivatives (13-15) have been synthetized as potential positron emission tomography (PET) imaging ligands for mGluR2 in the brain. Of these compounds, 13 exhibits potent binding affinity (IC50 = 7.6 ± 0.9 nM), positive allosteric modulator (PAM) activity (EC50 = 51.2 nM), and excellent selectivity against other mGluR subtypes (>100-fold). [11C]13 was synthesized via O-[11C]methylation of its phenol precursor 25 with [11C]methyl iodide. The achieved radiochemical yield was 20 ± 2% (n = 10, decay-corrected) based on [11C]CO2 with a radiochemical purity of >98% and molar activity of 98 ± 30 GBq/μmol EOS. Ex vivo biodistribution studies revealed reversible accumulation of [11C]13 and hepatobiliary and urinary excretions. PET imaging studies in rats demonstrated that [11C]13 accumulated in the mGluR2-rich brain regions. Pre-administration of mGluR2-selective PAM, 17 reduced the brain uptake of [11C]13, indicating a selective binding. Therefore, [11C]13 is a potential PET imaging ligand for mGluR2 in different central nervous system-related conditions.
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