Notes

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7% and 17.9%, respectively) in public schools and boys (38.8% and 32.7%, respectively) in private schools. The magnitude was higher (>80.0%) among those not participating in sports at school (
= 0.002) or outside school (
< 0.001). They exposed (97.5%) to sedentary behaviors (
< 0.001) and preferred fast food (60.8%) as regular meals (
= 0.001). Their dietary chart lacked an adequate serving of vegetables and fruits in a week.

Overweight/obesity is prevalent among 9-14-year-old school-going children, and behavior factors are major determinants of childhood obesity. Effective public health interventions are required to address this emerging health problem.
Overweight/obesity is prevalent among 9-14-year-old school-going children, and behavior factors are major determinants of childhood obesity. Effective public health interventions are required to address this emerging health problem.
Intestinal parasitosis (IP), a group of diseases caused by one or more species of protozoa and helminths, is still considered a neglected tropical disease and a public health concern in India. read more Poor sanitation and unhygienic conditions largely contribute to sustained transmission, primarily among children, adversely affecting health and development. The problem needs area-specific assessment and interventions.

The present study aimed at determining the prevalence of IP and its correlates among under-five children in a rural community of Purba Bardhaman district, West Bengal, India.

A descriptive cross-sectional study was conducted in Bhatar Block of Purba Bardhaman district.

Mothers/caregivers of 294 under-five children (selected through multistage sampling) were interviewed for background characteristics at the household level, and stool samples from each child were collected, transported, and examined for ova/parasite/cysts following standard guidelines.

Statistical analysis of the data obtained was done using SPSS (V20).

The overall prevalence of IP was 17.0%. Majority of the intestinal parasites were protozoa (42, 84%), of which the most common was
(24, 48.0%). Age of the child and practice of defecation showed a significant association with IP on logistic regression.

Protozoa, mainly
, contributes for majority of intestinal parasitic infections among the study population, and children belonging to the age group of 25-60 completed months and with open-field defecation practice have higher risk of acquiring them.
Protozoa, mainly G. lamblia, contributes for majority of intestinal parasitic infections among the study population, and children belonging to the age group of 25-60 completed months and with open-field defecation practice have higher risk of acquiring them.
Under nutrition is a major problem among Indian schoolchildren. Yet, routine height and weight measurements in schools are nor used for growth monitoring. This study attempts to evaluate mid-upper-arm-circumference (MUAC) as a quick assessment tool against body mass index (BMI) in schoolchildren.

The objective of the study was to evaluate MUAC against BMI, height, and average skin fold thickness (ASFT) parameters and to estimate MUAC values across age, sex, and social categories.

The study was conducted in 2017-2018 in four randomly selected Ashram schools and an urban school in Nashik district. Girls (1187) and boys (1083) from age 6-18 were included, and height, weight, skinfold thickness, and MUAC were measured. MUAC was done on the left arm with Shakir's tape and tailor's tape (for MUAC >25 cm). Epi Info 7.1 and Excel were used for the data analysis.

MUAC had a consistently high correlation with BMI at all ages for boys (
= 0.8786,
< 0.0001) and girls (
= 0.8586,
< 0.0001). ASFT too was strongly correlated with MUAC (
= 0.5945,
< 0.0001). MUAC had strong but nonlinear correlation with heights in girls (
= 0.7751,
< 0.0001) and boys (
= 0.8267,
< 0.0001). MUAC was higher for girls than boys at all ages. MUAC values for scheduled tribe (ST) children were highly significantly lower than non-ST students.

MUAC is a good and quick proxy tool for BMI and can serve as a sensitive nutritional indicator for school ages across socioeconomic categories. However, it is necessary to construct age-wise cutoff points and bandwidths using multicentric studies across income quintiles.
MUAC is a good and quick proxy tool for BMI and can serve as a sensitive nutritional indicator for school ages across socioeconomic categories. However, it is necessary to construct age-wise cutoff points and bandwidths using multicentric studies across income quintiles.
The infant and child mortality rates are considered as sensitive indicators of living and socioeconomic conditions of a country. The infant mortality rate is regarded as most of the revealing measures of how well a society is meeting the needs of its people.

The purpose of the study is to determine the effect of seasonal variations on the infant mortality in some selected districts of Jammu Division, J&K.

In the present study, infant mortality data were collected for the 6 consecutive years (2013-2018) from different health centers of four districts of Jammu Division and Jammu Municipal Corporation (JMC), J&K. The seasonal variations of overall infant deaths were analyzed using the monthly mortality data collected for the study period. Poisson regression model was employed to measure the seasonal effects on the overall infant deaths. Data analysis was done using software IBM SPSS 24.0.

In this study, a total of 4443 infant deaths were recorded from selected districts of Jammu Division, J&K, from the year 2013-2018. The prevalence of infant deaths was extremely high in the month of January as compared to the reference month June. Furthermore, the parameter estimates for each of the months along with 95% Wald confidence interval were calculated.

The present study concludes that seasonal variations significantly affect the infant mortality in Jammu Division, J&K, India. The policymakers must consider the effect of seasons on infant mortality as children in their 1
year of life are more susceptible toward environmental conditions.
The present study concludes that seasonal variations significantly affect the infant mortality in Jammu Division, J&K, India. The policymakers must consider the effect of seasons on infant mortality as children in their 1st year of life are more susceptible toward environmental conditions.
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