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How To Choose The Right Free Evolution On The Internet
What is 에볼루션 바카라 무료체험 ?

Free evolution is the idea that natural processes can lead to the development of organisms over time. This includes the appearance and growth of new species.

Many examples have been given of this, including different varieties of stickleback fish that can live in either salt or fresh water, and walking stick insect varieties that favor specific host plants. These mostly reversible traits permutations are not able to explain fundamental changes to basic body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The development of the myriad living creatures on Earth is a mystery that has intrigued scientists for centuries. Charles Darwin's natural selection theory is the most well-known explanation. This process occurs when those who are better adapted have more success in reproduction and survival than those who are less well-adapted. Over time, a population of well adapted individuals grows and eventually becomes a new species.


Natural selection is an ongoing process that involves the interaction of three factors that are inheritance, variation and reproduction. Variation is caused by mutation and sexual reproduction, both of which increase the genetic diversity within a species. Inheritance refers the transmission of a person’s genetic characteristics, which includes recessive and dominant genes to their offspring. Reproduction is the production of fertile, viable offspring which includes both sexual and asexual methods.

Natural selection is only possible when all the factors are in equilibrium. If, for instance an allele of a dominant gene allows an organism to reproduce and live longer than the recessive gene allele then the dominant allele is more prevalent in a population. However, if the allele confers a disadvantage in survival or decreases fertility, it will disappear from the population. The process is self-reinforcing, which means that an organism that has an adaptive characteristic will live and reproduce more quickly than those with a maladaptive feature. The more offspring an organism produces the better its fitness that is determined by its capacity to reproduce itself and live. People with good traits, such as longer necks in giraffes or bright white colors in male peacocks are more likely to be able to survive and create offspring, and thus will become the majority of the population in the future.

Natural selection is only an aspect of populations and not on individuals. This is a crucial distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution that states that animals acquire traits through the use or absence of use. If a giraffe stretches its neck to catch prey, and the neck becomes larger, then its offspring will inherit this trait. The differences in neck length between generations will persist until the giraffe's neck gets too long to not breed with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when alleles of the same gene are randomly distributed in a population. At some point, one will attain fixation (become so common that it can no longer be eliminated through natural selection) and other alleles fall to lower frequencies. This could lead to an allele that is dominant at the extreme. The other alleles are eliminated, and heterozygosity is reduced to zero. In a small number of people it could lead to the complete elimination of recessive allele. This is known as the bottleneck effect. It is typical of the evolution process that occurs when a large number individuals migrate to form a group.

A phenotypic bottleneck may also occur when the survivors of a catastrophe like an outbreak or a mass hunting incident are concentrated in an area of a limited size. The remaining individuals will be mostly homozygous for the dominant allele, meaning that they all share the same phenotype and will thus share the same fitness characteristics. This may be caused by war, earthquake, or even a plague. Whatever the reason the genetically distinct population that is left might be prone to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Walsh, and Ariew define drift as a departure from the expected values due to differences in fitness. They provide a well-known example of twins that are genetically identical, have the exact same phenotype and yet one is struck by lightning and dies, while the other lives and reproduces.

This kind of drift could play a significant role in the evolution of an organism. But, it's not the only method to evolve. Natural selection is the main alternative, in which mutations and migration maintain the phenotypic diversity of the population.

Stephens claims that there is a big difference between treating drift as a force or a cause and treating other causes of evolution like selection, mutation and migration as forces or causes. He argues that a causal process explanation of drift allows us to distinguish it from other forces, and that this distinction is crucial. He further argues that drift has direction, i.e., it tends towards eliminating heterozygosity. It also has a size which is determined based on the size of the population.

Evolution by Lamarckism

Students of biology in high school are often exposed to Jean-Baptiste lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution, often referred to as "Lamarckism is based on the idea that simple organisms evolve into more complex organisms by taking on traits that are a product of the organism's use and misuse. Lamarckism can be demonstrated by the giraffe's neck being extended to reach higher branches in the trees. This causes the longer necks of giraffes to be passed onto their offspring who would grow taller.

Lamarck was a French zoologist and, in his inaugural lecture for his course on invertebrate zoology at the Museum of Natural History in Paris on the 17th of May in 1802, he presented a groundbreaking concept that radically challenged the conventional wisdom about organic transformation. In his view, living things had evolved from inanimate matter via an escalating series of steps. Lamarck was not the first to suggest that this might be the case, but his reputation is widely regarded as being the one who gave the subject its first broad and thorough treatment.

The popular narrative is that Lamarckism became a rival to Charles Darwin's theory of evolutionary natural selection and that the two theories fought each other in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually won and led to the creation of what biologists today call the Modern Synthesis. The theory denies that acquired characteristics are passed down from generation to generation and instead, it claims that organisms evolve through the influence of environment elements, like Natural Selection.

Lamarck and his contemporaries endorsed the idea that acquired characters could be passed on to future generations. However, this concept was never a major part of any of their theories about evolution. This is due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.

It's been over 200 years since the birth of Lamarck and in the field of age genomics, there is an increasing evidence-based body of evidence to support the heritability-acquired characteristics. This is also referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more generally epigenetic inheritance. This is a model that is just as valid as the popular neodarwinian model.

Evolution by Adaptation

One of the most popular misconceptions about evolution is being driven by a struggle to survive. This view is a misrepresentation of natural selection and ignores the other forces that determine the rate of evolution. The fight for survival can be more accurately described as a struggle to survive in a specific environment, which can involve not only other organisms but also the physical environment itself.

To understand how evolution works it is important to think about what adaptation is. It is a feature that allows a living thing to live in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physical feature, such as feathers or fur. It could also be a behavior trait, like moving towards shade during the heat, or escaping the cold at night.

The ability of an organism to extract energy from its surroundings and interact with other organisms, as well as their physical environments is essential to its survival. The organism needs to have the right genes to create offspring, and it must be able to find enough food and other resources. Furthermore, the organism needs to be able to reproduce itself at an optimal rate within its environmental niche.

These factors, in conjunction with gene flow and mutations can result in an alteration in the ratio of different alleles in the population's gene pool. As time passes, this shift in allele frequencies can result in the development of new traits and ultimately new species.

A lot of the traits we admire about animals and plants are adaptations, like the lungs or gills that extract oxygen from the air, feathers or fur to provide insulation, long legs for running away from predators and camouflage to hide. To understand the concept of adaptation it is crucial to differentiate between physiological and behavioral characteristics.

Physical traits such as thick fur and gills are physical traits. Behavioral adaptations are not like the tendency of animals to seek companionship or move into the shade in hot temperatures. It is also important to keep in mind that lack of planning does not result in an adaptation. Failure to consider the implications of a choice even if it appears to be rational, may make it inflexible.

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