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Following public health advice to cease consumption of raw dairy products, no further cases have been reported.We report on a pregnant patient who contracted tick-borne encephalitis (TBE) during her second trimester in an endemic region in Southern Germany. The patient presented with typical symptoms including fever and headache, and TBE infection was confirmed by positive blood and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) testing. During acute infection there was no evidence of pregnancy complications, and the mother recovered well. We performed a clinical follow-up examination of both mother and child eight months after the diagnosis of TBE, which revealed no signs of sequelae. This case study presents rare evidence of TBE infection during pregnancy and may provide guidance for both physicians as well as mothers-to-be dealing with TBE.Candidatus Rickettsia vini was originally detected in Ixodes arboricola ticks from Spain, and subsequently reported from several other Western Palearctic countries including Belgium. Recently, the bacterium was isolated in mammalian (Vero) cell culture from macerated male I. arboricola from Czech Republic, but there have been no reports of propagation in tick cells. Here we report isolation in a tick cell line of three strains of Ca. R. vini from I. arboricola collected from nests of great tits (Parus major) in Belgium. Internal organs of one male and two engorged female ticks were dissected aseptically, added to cultures of the Rhipicephalus microplus cell line BME/CTVM23 and incubated at 28 °C. Rickettsia-like bacteria were first seen in Giemsa-stained cytocentrifuge smears between 2 and 15 weeks later. Two of the isolates grew rapidly, destroying the tick cells within 2-4 weeks of onward passage in BME/CTVM23 cells, while the third isolate grew much more slowly, only requiring subculture at 4-5-month intere co-cultivation technique for isolation of tick-borne Rickettsia spp. using BME/CTVM23 cells.Brazilian spotted fever (BSF) is the deadliest rickettsiosis in the world. Although the epidemiology of the disease has been established in Brazil, there are still limited data available on distribution of tick vectors and tick species parasitizing humans in the country, particularly in Paraná State. The State of Paraná is located in the southern region of the country and is covered by two biomes Atlantic rainforest and Cerrado. Thus, the aims of this study were i) to map the distribution of SF tick vectors, ii) to describe and map the distribution of human parasitism by ticks, and iii) to map the distribution of fatal and non-fatal spotted fever (SF) cases in Paraná State, southern Brazil. Data were reviewed and compiled from previous published reports, and also from two scientific collections of Paraná State. SF cases were retrieved from the Brazilian Notifiable Diseases Information System. A total of 50 cases of human parasitism by ticks were recorded, with a total of 64 (22 males, 12 females, 30 nymphs) ticks collected. The following 12 tick species were identified Amblyomma aureolatum, Amblyomma brasiliense, Amblyomma calcaratum, Amblyomma dubitatum, Amblyomma incisum, Amblyomma longirostre, Amblyomma ovale, Amblyomma parkeri, Amblyomma scalpturatum, Amblyomma sculptum, Haemaphysalis juxtakochi and Rhipicephalus sanguineus sensu lato (s.l.). The most prevalent tick species associated to cases of human parasitism were A. sculptum (13/50; 26 %), A. aureolatum (10/50; 20 %), A. brasiliense (5/50; 10 %), A. ovale (5/50; 10 %) and A. Y-27632 research buy parkeri (4/50; 8%). A total of 51 non-fatal and five fatal SF cases were recorded. Data from this study highlights the need for monitoring ticks parasitizing humans aiming early detection of tick-borne diseases cases, particularly BSF in Paraná State, southern Brazil.Ixodes ricinus is the most common and widely distributed tick species in Europe, responsible for several zoonotic diseases, including Lyme borreliosis. Population genetics of disease vectors is a useful tool for understanding the spread of pathogens and infection risks. Despite the threat to the public health due to the climate-driven distribution changes of I. ricinus, the genetic structure of tick populations, though essential for understanding epidemiology, remains unclear. Previous studies have demonstrated weak to no apparent spatial pattern of genetic differentiation between European populations. Here, we analysed the population genetic structure of 497 individuals from 28 tick populations sampled from 20 countries across Europe, the Middle-East, and northern Africa. We analysed 125 SNPs loci after quality control. We ran Bayesian and multivariate hierarchical clustering analyses to identify and describe clusters of genetically related individuals. Both clustering methods support the identification of three spatially-structured clusters. Individuals from the south and north-western parts of Eurasia form a separated cluster from northern European populations, while central European populations are a mix between the two groups. Our findings have important implications for understanding the dispersal processes that shape the spread of zoonotic diseases under anthropogenic global changes.The tick-borne equine hemoparasite, Theileria equi, is endemic in many parts of the world where prevalence may be high, and most infected horses are apparently healthy but serve as life-long carriers. To determine the factors that affect T. equi dynamics, we followed parasitic loads in apparently healthy horses at four time points during one year. A total of 1094 blood samples were collected from 395 horses, along with ticks and demographic and clinical data. Infection and load of T. equi were tested by PCR and qPCR, and for the spring dataset, infection was also tested serologically by IFAT (n = 268). Theileria equi was molecularly detected in 64.8 % of the horses. The agreement between molecular and serological results was 79.8 % (K > 0.674) and positively correlated with parasitic load. Infection was associated with pale mucus membranes, lower packed cell volume and higher total solids (all P less then 0.001), although these changes had only minor clinical importance. While parasitic loads in qPCR-positive samples (n = 561) were generally low (mean = 7.
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