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Genomic Portrayal of Fluoroquinolone-Resistant Thermophilic Campylobacter Traces Separated coming from Coating Fowl Fecal matter throughout Gangneung, South Korea simply by Whole-Genome Sequencing.
We also show that in Medicago truncatula a homeotic mutation in the co-transcriptional regulator encoding gene NODULE ROOT1 (MtNOOT1) converts a legume-type nodule into actinorhizal type. selleck products These experimental findings suggest that the two nodule types have a shared evolutionary origin. © 2020 American Society of Plant Biologists. All rights reserved.Mycoplasma haemocanis (Mhc) is prevalent in the endangered Darwin's fox (Lycalopex fulvipes) in its main stronghold, Chiloé Island (Chile). The origin of the infection, its dynamics, its presence in other fox populations and the potential consequences for fox health remain unexplored. During eight years, hemoplasmal DNA was screened and characterized in blood from 82 foxes in Chiloé and other two fox populations and 250 free-ranging dogs from Chiloé. The prevalence of Mhc in foxes was constant during the study years, and coinfection with Candidatus Mycoplasma haematoparvum was confirmed in 30% of the foxes. Both hemoplasma species were detected in the two mainland fox populations and in Chiloé dogs. Mhc was significantly more prevalent and more genetically diverse in foxes than in dogs. Two of the seven Mhc haplotypes identified were shared between these species. Network analyses did not show genetic structure either by species (foxes vs dogs), geographic (island vs mainland populations), or temporal (years of study) factors. The probability of infection with Mhc increased with fox age but was not associated with sex, season, or degree of anthropization of individual fox habitats. Some foxes recaptured with years of difference were infected with the same haplotype in both events and no hematological alterations were associated with hemoplasma infection, suggesting tolerance to the infection. Altogether, our results indicate that Mhc is endemic in the Darwin's fox and that intraspecific transmission is predominant. Nevertheless, such a prevalent pathogen in a threatened species represents a concern that must be considered in conservation actions. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.Dissemination of extend-spectrum cephalosporin (ESC)-resistant Salmonella, especially extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella, is a concern worldwide. Here, we assessed Salmonella carriage by food workers in Japan to clarify the prevalence of ESC-resistant Salmonella harboring bla CTX-M We then characterized the genetic features, such as transposable elements, of bla CTX-M-harboring plasmids using whole-genome sequencing. A total of 145,220 stool samples were collected from food workers, including cooks and servers from several restaurants as well as food factory workers, from January-October 2017. Isolated salmonellae were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing (disk diffusion method), and whole-genome sequencing was performed for Salmonella strains harboring bla CTX-M Overall, 164 Salmonella isolates (0.113%) were recovered from 164 samples, from which we estimated that at least 0.113% (95% confidence interval (CI) 0.096%-0.132%) of food workers may carry Salmonella Based on thi strains, such as extended-spectrum β-lactamase (ESBL)-producing Salmonella, may be transmitted to humans via food animal-derived products. Here, we examined Salmonella carriage among food handlers in Japan. Overall, 164 out of 145,220 fecal samples (0.113%) were positive for Salmonella Among the 158 tested isolates, four were identified as ESBL-producing isolates carrying ESBL determinants bla CTX-M-15 or bla CTX-M-14 In all cases, the genes co-existed with ISEcp1, regardless of whether they were located on the chromosome or on a plasmid. Our findings suggest that food workers may be a reservoir of ESBL-producing strains, and could contribute to the spread of resistance genes from farm-derived Salmonella to other bacterial species present in the human gut. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.Coenzyme F420 is a redox cofactor involved in hydride transfer reactions in archaea and bacteria. Since F420-dependent enzymes are attracting increasing interest as tools in biocatalysis, F420 biosynthesis is being revisited. While it was commonly accepted for long that the 2-phospho-l-lactate (2-PL) moiety of F420 is formed from free 2-PL, it was recently shown that PEP is incorporated in Actinobacteria and that the C-terminal domain of the FbiB protein, a member of the nitroreductase superfamily (NTR), converts dehydro-F420 into saturated F420 Outside the Actinobacteria, however, the situation is still unclear because FbiB is missing in these organisms and enzymes of the NTR family are highly diversified. Here, we show by heterologous expression and in-vitro assays that standalone NTR enzymes from Thermomicrobia exhibit dehydro-F420 reductase activity. Metabolome analysis and proteomics studies confirmed the proposed biosynthetic pathway in Thermomicrobium roseum These results clarify the biosynthetic route-function relationships within the NTR superfamily of enzymes. Appreciably, these results offer an alternative route to produce F420 in Gram-negative model organisms and unveil yet another biochemical facet of this pathway to be explored by synthetic microbiologists. Copyright © 2020 American Society for Microbiology.The human oral cavity is a complex ecosystem and the alterations in salivary microbial communities are associated with both oral and non-oral diseases. The Mediterranean diet (MD) is a healthy dietary pattern useful for both prevention and treatment of several diseases. In order to further explore the effects of MD on human health, in this study we investigated the changes in the salivary microbial communities in overweight/obese subjects after an individually tailored MD-based nutritional intervention. Healthy overweight and obese subjects were randomized between two intervention groups. The Med-D group increased the MD adherence during 8 weeks of intervention while the Control-D group did not change the dietary habits. The salivary microbiota was assessed at baseline and after 4 and 8 weeks of intervention. Despite no changes in the overall salivary microbiota composition were observed, we found a significant decrease in the relative abundances of species-level operational taxonomic units annotated as Porphyromonas gingivalis, Prevotella intermedia and Treponema denticola in Med-D compared to Control-D groups after 8 weeks of intervention, and known to be associated with periodontal disease.
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