Notes

Overlooked The event of Pancreatogenic Diabetes mellitus Recognized Employing Sonography.
Xanthohumol (Xn) is the most abundant prenylated flavonoid in Hops (
L.), and exhibits a range of pharmacological activities. This study aimed to investigate the effect of Xn on TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblasts activation and elucidate the underlying mechanism.

The cellTiter 96
AQueous one solution cell proliferation assay kit was adopted to determine the cell viability of cardiac fibroblasts, and the proliferation was detected through 5-ethynyl-2'-deoxyuridine (EdU) incorporation assay. The α-SMA protein expression was measured by using immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Western blotting was conducted to test the protein expressions of collagen I and III, PTEN, p-Akt, Akt, p-mTOR, mTOR, p-Smad3, Smad3 and GAPDH. The mRNA levels of α-SMA, collagen I and III were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction (PCR).

Xn inhibited the TGF-β1-induced proliferation, differentiation and collagen overproduction of cardiac fibroblasts. TGF-β1 induced the down-regulated PTEN expression, Akt and mTOR phosphorylation. These effects of TGF-β1 were suppressed by Xn, while blocking of PTEN reduced Xn-mediated inhibitory effect on cardiac fibroblasts activation induced by TGF-β1.

Xn inhibits TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblasts activation via mediating PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Xn inhibits TGF-β1-induced cardiac fibroblasts activation via mediating PTEN/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway.
Neohesperidin (NH) and lncRNA HOTAIR (HOTAIR) could regulate osteoclastic and osteogenic differentiation. This study aimed to explore whether HOTAIR-mediated osteogenic differentiation was regulated by NH.

Steroid-induced osteonecrosis of the femoral head (SONFH) mice model was established. Histopathological changes in mouse osteonecrosis tissues were detected by hematoxylin-eosin staining. Bone marrow stromal cells (BMSCs) were isolated from healthy mice bone marrow samples by Ficoll density gradient and identified by flow cytometry. After treating the BMSCs with NH and dexamethasone or transfecting with HOTAIR overexpression plasmids and siHOTAIR, histone modification of HOTAIR, the cell viability, osteogenic differentiation, and adipogenic differentiation were detected by chromatin immunoprecipitation, MTT, Alizarin Red and Oil Red O staining, respectively. The expressions of HOTAIR and differentiation-related factors in the BMSCs were detected by RT-qPCR and Western blot.

HOTAIR was highly expressed in SONFH model mice. NH ameliorated histopathological changes in the model mice, but the effect was reversed by overexpressed HOTAIR. NH increased viability of BMSCs and the H3K27me3 occupancy of HOTAIR, but decreased the expression and the H3K4me3 occupancy of HOTAIR. HOTAIR expression was down-regulated in BMSCs after osteogenic differentiation but was up-regulated after adipogenic differentiation. HOTAIR overexpression inhibited osteogenic differentiation and the expressions of RUNX2, OCN, and ALP, but increased adipogenic differentiation and the expressions of LPL and PPARr in BMSCs; moreover, the opposite results were observed in siHOTAIR.

NH ameliorated SONFH by inhibiting the histone modifications of HOTAIR.
NH ameliorated SONFH by inhibiting the histone modifications of HOTAIR.
Controlling the drug release from the dosage form at a definite rate is the main challenge for a successful oral controlled-release drug delivery system. In this study, mini-tablets (MTs) and lipid/polymer nanoparticles (LPNs) of lipid polymer and chitosan in different ratios were designed to encapsulate and control the release time of Amoxicillin (AMX).

Physical characteristics and in vitro release profiles of both MT and LPN formulations were studied. Antimicrobial activity and oral pharmacokinetics of the optimum MT and LPN formulations in comparison to market tablet were studied in rats.

All designed formulations of AMX as MTs and LPNs showed accepted characteristics. MT-6 (Compritol/Chitosan 11) showed the greatest retardation among all prepared minitablet preparations, releasing about 79.5% of AMX over 8 h. In contrast, LPN-11 (AMX Cr 13/Chitosan 1 mg/mL) had the slowest drug release, revealing the sustained release of 80.9% within 8 h. The MIC of both optimized tablet formula (MT-6) and LPNs formula (LPN-11) was around two-fold lower than the control against
. The C
of MT-6 and LPN11 were non significantly different compared with the marketed AMX product. While the bioavailability experiment proved that the relative bioavailability of the AMX was 1.85 and 1.8 after the oral use of LPN11 and MT-6, respectively, compared to the market tablet.

The results verified that both controlled-release mini-tablets and lipid/polymer nanoparticles can be used for sustaining the release and hence improve the bioavailability of amoxicillin.
The results verified that both controlled-release mini-tablets and lipid/polymer nanoparticles can be used for sustaining the release and hence improve the bioavailability of amoxicillin.
Triple therapy is the standard therapy to eradicate
infection. Chronic use of proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), a component of triple therapy, is associated with osteoporosis. see more However, the skeletal effects of short-term triple therapy containing PPI remain elusive. This study aims to determine the skeletal effect of short-term triple therapy in a rat model of gastric ulcer induced by
.

Three-month-old male Sprague Dawley rats were assigned to normal control,
-inoculated group (negative control) and
-inoculated group receiving triple therapy consisting of omeprazole [2.035 mg/kg body weight (b.w)], amoxicillin (102.80 mg/kg b.w) and clarithromycin (51.37 mg/kg b.w) (n=6/group).
infection developed for four weeks after inoculation, followed by two-week triple therapy. At the end of the treatment period, femoral bones of the rats were harvested for analysis. Bone mineral density and content of the femurs were determined using dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry, while bone strength was measured with a universal mechanical tester.

Bone mineral content was significantly lower in the negative control group compared to the triple therapy group (p=0.014). Triple therapy decreased strain (vs negative control, p=0.002) and displacement of the femur (vs normal control, p=0.004; vs untreated control, p=0.005). No significant difference was observed in other parameters among the study groups (p>0.05).

Short-term triple therapy increases bone mineral content but decreases bone strength of rats. Skeletal prophylaxis should be considered for patients on short-term triple therapy containing PPI.
Short-term triple therapy increases bone mineral content but decreases bone strength of rats. Skeletal prophylaxis should be considered for patients on short-term triple therapy containing PPI.
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