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The aim of present study was to investigate the effects of dietary Zn level on growth performance, Zn bioaccumulation, antioxidant capacity and innate immunity in juvenile mud crab (Scylla paramamosain). Six semi-purified diets were formulated to contain dietary Zn levels of 44.5, 56.9, 68.5, 97.3, 155.6 or 254.7 mg·kg-1, respectively. Dietary Zn level significantly influenced percent weight gain (PWG), with highest observed in crab fed the diet containing 97.3 mg·kg-1 Zn. Tissue Zn concentrations significantly increased as dietary Zn levels increased from 44.5 to 254.7 mg·kg-1. Retention of Zn in hepatopancreas increased with dietary Zn levels up to 68.5 mg·kg-1 and then significantly decreased. Moreover, inadequate dietary Zn (44.5 and 56.9 mg·kg-1) reduced anti-oxidation markers including total superoxide dismutase and copper/zinc superoxide dismutase activities and total anti-oxidant level. Crabs fed the diet with 44.5 mg·kg-1 Zn also showed significantly lower expression of genes involved in antioxidant status, such as Cu/Zn sod, glutathione peroxidase, catalase and thioredoxin than those fed diets containing 68.5 and 97.3 mg·kg-1 Zn. Highest activities of phenoloxidase and alkaline phosphatase were recorded in crab fed the diets containing 68.5 and 97.3 mg·kg-1 Zn. Expression levels of prophenoloxidase and toll-like receptor 2 were higher in crab fed the 97.3 mg·kg-1 Zn diet compared to crab fed the other diets. Based on PWG alone, the optimal dietary Zn level was estimated to be 82.9 mg·kg-1, with 68.5 to 97.3 mg·kg-1 recommended for maintaining optimal Zn bioaccumulation, oxidation resistance and innate immune response of juvenile mud crab.Increased fruit and vegetable (FV) intake is associated with reduced blood pressure. However, it is not clear whether the effect of FV on blood pressure depends on the type of FV consumed. Furthermore, there is limited research regarding the comparative effect of juices or whole FV on blood pressure. Baseline data from a prospective cohort study examined the cross-sectional association between total FV intake, but also specific types of FV and blood pressure in France and Northern Ireland. A total of 10660 men aged 50-59 years were recruited from 1991 to 1994. Blood pressure was measured in a clinic setting, and dietary intake was assessed by food-frequency questionnaire (FFQ). After adjusting for potential confounders, both systolic (SBP) and diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were significantly inversely associated with total fruit, vegetable and fruit juice intake however when results were examined according to the sub-type of fruit or vegetable (citrus fruit, other fruit, fruit juices, cooked vegetables and r processing or cooking-related factors.Background - Obesity has become a global disease, leading to the enhanced risk of metabolic syndrome which includes diabetes, cardiovascular disease, stroke, hypertension and certain cancers but it is difficult to control only by diet and exercise as they are difficult to implement. Objective- The objective of this review is to bring into light the active constituents that can be obtained from various natural sources which act as anti-obesity agents because with a global rise in the prevalence of obesity, an urgent need to prevent and control it has arisen. Method- For this review, we have compiled information about natural anti-obesity products, by an electronic search of the articles available on PubMed, Scopus and other internet sources for the duration of1975-2019and added my own research too. We have analyzed and organized data on various natural products in popular use and pharmacognostical and biological studies of them. Their mechanisms of action have also been studied. Conclusion-Consumption of diets comprising high amounts of active anti-obesity natural compounds is a promising strategy for the suppression of lipid accumulation and adipogenesis in obese individuals. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] We hypothesized that SKA2 gene can convert hemoglobin F to A leading to the maturity of the hematopoietic system by glucocorticoid hormone; so, the present study aimed to investigate the health outcome of newborns by using the effect of SKA2 gene on hematopoietic maturation. METHODS At first, 142 samples were divided into term and preterm. After sampling from the umbilical cord blood, the expression of SKA2 genes and HbA and F were evaluated by quantitative RT-PCR. The blood gases were measured by Campact 3 device. Finally, cortisol level was measured by ELISA method and HbA and F levels were investigated by capillary electrophoresis. RESULTS The blood gases and Apgar scores was more favorable in term newborns (P less then 0.001). Levels of protein/expression of HbF in newborns with Apgar score greater than 7 was lower than that of the newborns with Apgar score below 7 (P less then 0.001). Cortisol and HbA levels were considerably higher in term newborns compared to the preterm ones (P less then 0.001). find more In the preterm and term groups, SKA2 gene expression had a positive and significant relationship with cortisol and HbA levels as well as a negative relationship with HbF level. In the preterm group, a positive and significant relationship was observed between the expression of SKA2 and HbF genes. CONCLUSION The results revealed that the SKA2 gene affected on hematopoietic maturation in preterm and term newborns and the health outcome of newborns improved by increasing HbA level. Copyright© Bentham Science Publishers; For any queries, please email at [email protected] Cancer contributes to significant morbidity and mortality despite advances in treatment and supportive care. There is a need for identification of effective anticancer agents. Reptiles such as tortoise, python, and water monitor lizards are exposed to heavy metals, tolerate high levels of radiation, feed on rotten/germ-infested feed, thrive in unsanitary habitat and yet have prolonged lifespans. Such species are rarely reported to develop cancer, suggesting presence of anticancer molecules/mechanisms. METHODS Here, we tested effects from sera of Asian water monitor lizard (Varanus salvator), python (Malayopython reticulatus) and tortoise (Cuora kamaroma amboinensis) against cancer cells. Sera were collected and cytotoxicity assays were performed using prostate cancer cells (PC3), Henrietta Lacks cervical adenocarcinoma cells (HeLa) and human breast adenocarcinoma cells (MCF7) as well as human keratinized skin cells (Hacat), by measuring lactate dehydrogenase release as indicator for cell death. Growth inhibition assays were performed to determine the effects on cancer cell proliferation.
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