Notes

High-intensity focused ultrasound examination (HIFU) ablation compared to operative surgery to treat characteristic uterine fibroids: the meta-analysis.
The endangered aquatic carnivorous waterwheel plant (Aldrovanda vesiculosa) catches prey with 3-5-mm-long underwater snap-traps. Trapping lasts 10-20 ms, which is 10-fold faster than in its famous sister, the terrestrial Venus flytrap (Dionaea muscipula). After successful capture, the trap narrows further and forms a 'stomach' for the digestion of prey, the so-called 'sickle-shaped cavity'. To date, knowledge is very scarce regarding the deformation process during narrowing and consequent functional morphology of the trap.

We performed comparative analyses of virtual 3D histology using computed tomography (CT) and conventional 2D histology. For 3D histology we established a contrasting agent-based preparation protocol tailored for delicate underwater plant tissues.

Our analyses reveal new structural insights into the adaptive architecture of the complex A. vesiculosa snap-trap. In particular, we discuss in detail the arrangement of sensitive trigger hairs inside the trap and present actual 3D representations of traps with prey. In addition, we provide trap volume calculations at different narrowing stages. Furthermore, the motile zone close to the trap midrib, which is thought to promote not only the fast trap closure by hydraulics but also the subsequent trap narrowing and trap reopening, is described and discussed for the first time in its entirety.

Our research contributes to the understanding of a complex, fast and reversible underwater plant movement and supplements preparation protocols for CT analyses of other non-lignified and sensitive plant structures.
Our research contributes to the understanding of a complex, fast and reversible underwater plant movement and supplements preparation protocols for CT analyses of other non-lignified and sensitive plant structures.We demonstrate a novel structure for a quantum-dot light-emitting diode (QD-LED) with wide-range colour-tuneable pixels, fabricated via full solution processing. The proposed device has a symmetrical structure produced via stacking of an inverted-structure diode with a green QD emission layer (EML) and normal-structure diode with a red QD EML. It is an electron-only device; however, a charge generation layer in the middle of the device generates holes for the formation of excitons. Depending on the polarity of the applied voltage, either the bottom inverted unit or the top normal unit is operated, thereby emitting green or red light, respectively. The working mechanism of the device is investigated via analysis of the charge generation mechanism and carrier transport path. In addition, the colour tunability is verified using a simple alternating current (AC) driving scheme; the duty cycle modulation of the AC signal enables fine colour adjustment over a broad range, from pure green to pure red. Thus, our colour-tuneable QD-LED with vertically stacked independently operated sub-pixels can open a promising pathway towards cost-effective ultra-high-resolution displays.Despite the broad success of biological nanopores as powerful instruments for the analysis of proteins and nucleic acids at the single-molecule level, a fast simulation methodology to accurately model their nanofluidic properties is currently unavailable. This limits the rational engineering of nanopore traits and makes the unambiguous interpretation of experimental results challenging. Here, we present a continuum approach that can faithfully reproduce the experimentally measured ionic conductance of the biological nanopore Cytolysin A (ClyA) over a wide range of ionic strengths and bias potentials. Our model consists of the extended Poisson-Nernst-Planck and Navier-Stokes (ePNP-NS) equations and a computationally efficient 2D-axisymmetric representation for the geometry and charge distribution of the nanopore. Importantly, the ePNP-NS equations achieve this accuracy by self-consistently considering the finite size of the ions and the influence of both the ionic strength and the nanoscopic scale of the pore on the local properties of the electrolyte. These comprise the mobility and diffusivity of the ions, and the density, viscosity and relative permittivity of the solvent. Crucially, by applying our methodology to ClyA, a biological nanopore used for single-molecule enzymology studies, we could directly quantify several nanofluidic characteristics difficult to determine experimentally. Natural Product Library cell line These include the ion selectivity, the ion concentration distributions, the electrostatic potential landscape, the magnitude of the electro-osmotic flow field, and the internal pressure distribution. Hence, this work provides a means to obtain fundamental new insights into the nanofluidic properties of biological nanopores and paves the way towards their rational engineering.The synthesis, structures and magnetism of six mixed 3d-5d oxides Ba3BM2O9 (B = Ti, Y, Zn; M = Ru, Os) are described. When prepared at ambient pressure the six oxides display a 6H type perovskite structure comprised of corner sharing BO6 and face sharing M2O9 motifs. Synchrotron X-ray diffraction reveals a small monoclinic distortion in Ba3ZnRu2O9; the remaining oxides exhibit a hexagonal structure. The magnetic properties are dominated by the M-M interactions across the shared face. Only in the mixed valent (M4+/M5+) Y oxides is evidence of long-range magnetic order found. Application of high pressure/high temperature synthetic methods for the Ru containing oxides changes the structure to the archetypical cubic Pm3[combining macron]m perovskite structure, where the B and Ru cations are disordered on the corner sharing BO6 octahedral sites. The magnetic properties of the cubic oxides are dominated by short range antiferromagnetic interactions, the chemical disorder inhibiting long range ordering.Biphasic chemical reactions compartmentalized in small droplets offer advantages, such as streamlined procedures for chemical analysis, enhanced chemical reaction efficiency and high specificity of conversion. In this work, we experimentally and theoretically investigate the rate for biphasic chemical reactions between acidic nanodroplets on a substrate surface and basic reactants in a surrounding bulk flow. The reaction rate is measured by droplet shrinkage as the product is removed from the droplets by the flow. In our experiments, we determine the dependence of the reaction rate on the flow rate and the solution concentration. The theoretical analysis predicts that the life time τ of the droplets scales with Peclet number Pe and the reactant concentration in the bulk flow cre,bulk as τ∝ Pe-3/2cre,bulk-1, in good agreement with our experimental results. Furthermore, we found that the product from the reaction on an upstream surface can postpone the droplet reaction on a downstream surface, possibly due to the adsorption of interface-active products on the droplets in the downstream.
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