Notes

Necessary protein characteristics effects of the low- as well as high-temperature denaturation associated with myoglobin.
Rheumatic diseases, such as juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA), are typically associated with acute pain mainly caused by inflammation. Chronic pain is described as pain lasting at least 3 months. In JIA patients chronic pain may occur despite successful treatment. Chronic pain and pain disorders frequently occur during the course of the disease despite successful control of inflammation.

Possible interrelations between JIA and pain disorders are presented.

Besides areview of the available literature, aretrospective cohort study was conducted, including 906patients with achronic pain disorder with somatic and psychological factors (CPD) and/or acomplex regional pain syndrome typeI (CRPSI). The frequency of pre-existing rheumatic illnesses was analyzed.

The JIA is arisk factor for the development of aCPD. Especially polyarticular, extended oligoarticular, enthesitis-associated JIA and psoriatic arthropathy were found to be significantly associated with an increased risk for developing CPD. selleck chemicals llc In contrast, an increased risk for development of CRPSI was not observed.

Our study demonstrates JIA to be arisk factor for the development of chronic pain not only as aresult from malpositioning or arthrosis but also as achronic pain disorder (CPD). Further studies are necessary to clarify the relevance of disease activity and duration and also of psychological factors for the pathogenesis.
Our study demonstrates JIA to be a risk factor for the development of chronic pain not only as a result from malpositioning or arthrosis but also as a chronic pain disorder (CPD). Further studies are necessary to clarify the relevance of disease activity and duration and also of psychological factors for the pathogenesis.Next-generation sequencing and computational biology have facilitated the implementation of new combinatorial screening approaches to discover novel enzymes of biotechnological interest. In this study, we describe the successful establishment of a multi-omic approach for the identification of thermostable hydrolase-encoding genes by determination of gene expression levels. We applied this combinatorial approach using an anaerobic enrichment culture from an Azorean hot spring sample grown on green coffee beans as recalcitrant substrate. An in-depth analysis of the microbial community resulted in microorganisms capable of metabolizing the selected substrate, such as the genera Caloramator, Dictyoglomus and Thermoanaerobacter as active and abundant microorganisms. To discover glycoside hydrolases, 90,342 annotated genes were screened for specific reaction types. A total number of 106 genes encoding cellulases (EC 3.2.1.4), beta-glucosidases (EC 3.2.1.21) and endo-1,4-beta-mannosidases (EC 3.2.1.78) were selected. Mapping of RNA-Seq reads to the related metagenome led to expression levels for each gene. Amongst those, 14 genes, encoding glycoside hydrolases, showed highest expression values, and were used for further cloning. Four proteins were biochemically characterized and were identified as thermoactive glycoside hydrolases with a broad substrate range. This work demonstrated that a combinatory omic approach is a suitable strategy identifying unique thermoactive enzymes from environmental samples.Aquatic environments of volcanic origin provide an exceptional opportunity to study the adaptations of microorganisms to early planet life conditions. Here, we characterized the prokaryotic communities and physicochemical properties of seepage sites at the bottom of the Poas Volcano crater and the Agrio River, two geologically related extremely acidic environments located in Costa Rica. Both locations hold a low pH (1.79-2.20) and have high sulfate and iron concentrations (Fe = 47-206 mg/L, SO42- = 1170-2460 mg/L), but significant differences in their temperature (90.0-95.0 ºC in the seepages at Poas Volcano, 19.1-26.6 ºC in Agrio River) and in the elemental sulfur content. Based on the analysis of 16S rRNA gene sequences, we determined that Sulfobacillus spp. represented more than half of the sequences in Poas Volcano seepage sites, while Agrio River was dominated by Leptospirillum and members of the archaeal order Thermoplasmatales. Both environments share some chemical characteristics and part of their microbiota, however, the temperature and the reduced sulfur are likely the main distinguishing features, ultimately shaping their microbial communities. Our data suggest that in the Poas Volcano-Agrio River system there is a common metabolism but with specialization of species that adapt to the physicochemical conditions of each environment.We evaluated the fungal diversity in two lakes on the South Shetland Islands, using DNA metabarcoding through high-throughput sequencing (HTS). A microcosm experiment was deployed for two consecutive years in lakes on Deception and King George islands to capture potential decomposer freshwater fungi. Analyses of the baits revealed 258,326 DNA reads distributed in 34 fungal taxa of the phyla Ascomycota, Basidiomycota, Mortierellomycota, Chytridiomycota and Rozellomycota. Tetracladium marchalianum, Tetracladium sp., Rozellomycota sp., Fungal sp. 1 and Fungal sp. 2 were the most common taxa detected. However, the majority of the communities comprised intermediate and rare taxa. Both fungal communities displayed moderate indices of diversity, richness and dominance. Only six taxa were detected in both lakes, including the most dominant T. marchalianum and Tetracladium sp. The high numbers of reads of the known aquatic saprotrophic hyphomycetes T. marchalianum and Tetracladium sp. in the baits suggest that these fungi may digest organic material in Antarctic lakes, releasing available carbon and nutrients to the other aquatic organisms present in the complex lake food web. Our data confirm that the use of cotton baits together with HTS approaches can be appropriate to study the diversity of resident freshwater fungi present in Antarctic lakes.
6-Shogaol, an active phenolic compound from ginger (Zingiber officinale), can inhibit the growth of a variety of human cancer cells. Nevertheless, its underlying molecular mechanisms in cervical cancer remain unclear. In this study, we systematically examine the inhibitory effect of 6-shogaol on cervical cancer in vitro and in vivo.

Cell proliferation was assessed by CCK8 assay and colony formation assay in HeLa and SiHa cells. We analyzed cell cycle and apoptosis through flow cytometry. GFP-LC3 puncta and transmission electron microscopy were used to observe autophagic bodies. Wound-healing assay and transwell assay were used for evaluating the migration of cells. Western blot was applied to detect protein expression levels.

6-Shogaol could suppress cell proliferation and migration, cause cell cycle arrest in the G2/M phase in HeLa and SiHa cells. Moreover, 6-shogaol triggered the apoptosis process through the mitochondrial pathway by downregulating the expression levels of p-PI3K, p-Akt and p-mTOR. Further research indicated that the induction of apoptosis by 6-shogaol was remarkably decreased after the treatment of ROS scavenger and PI3K agonist.
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