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Hypercalcemia because of CYP24A1 strains: an organized illustrative review.
RESULTS Mean (SD) ΔA and ΔV were -2.2 (8.7) and -11.4 (9.7) pixel intensity units, respectively (P less then 0.001). ΔA and ΔV each did not differ significantly across recurrence of DH (P≥0.92) nor between DH events with and without POAG (P≥0.26). CONCLUSIONS OHTS DH had densitometric measurements more similar in magnitude to adjacent arterioles than venules, supporting an arterial origin for DH. Vascular dysregulation may contribute to disc hemorrhage formation in ocular hypertension. read more PURPOSE To compare the incidence and intensity of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) and NdYAG capsulotomy rates between two similar open-loop single-piece hydrophobic acrylic intraocular lenses (IOLs) but differences in the proprietary material characteristics and design features over a period of 3 years. DESIGN Randomized, prospective, patient- and examiner-masked clinical trial with intraindividual comparison METHODS Setting Department of Ophthalmology, Medical University Vienna PATIENT POPULATION Eighty patients (160 eyes) had bilateral cataract surgery and received a Vivinex XY1 IOL in one eye and an Acrysof SN60WF IOL in the other eye. OBSERVATION PROCEDURES Follow-up examinations were performed three years after surgery. Digital retroillumination images were taken of each eye. The amount of posterior capsule opacification (score 0 - 10) was assessed subjectively at the slit-lamp and objectively using automated image analysis software (AQUA). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE Posterior capsule opacification score (scale, 0-10) RESULTS The mean objective PCO score of the Vininex XY1 IOLs was 0.9 ± 0.8 compared to the PCO score of 1.4 ± 1.1 for the Acrysof SN60WF IOLs (p less then 0.001). 11.4 % of patients had a neodymiumyttrium-aluminium-garnet (NdYAG) capsulotomy in the Vininex XY1 eye, and 18.6% had a capsulotomy in the Acrysof SN60WF eye (p = 0.23) three years postoperatively. CONCLUSION The new hydrophobic acrylic Vininex XY1 IOL showed significantly lower PCO rates and lower YAG rates compared to the Acrysof SN60WF IOL. The interaction of various factors such as hydrophobic material, smooth optic surface and sharp posterior optic edge plays a key role in PCO development. PURPOSE To evaluate corneal morphology among patients with Wolfram syndrome (WFS). DESIGN Comparative observational longitudinal case series of WFS patients with a laboratory approach in the Wfs1 gene knockout (Wfs1KO) mouse model. METHODS A group of 12 patients with biallelic mutations in the WFS1 gene recruited from whole country and a control group composed of 30 individuals with type 1 diabetes (T1D) were evaluated in a national reference center for monogenic diabetes. All subjects (n=42) underwent a complete ophthalmic examination, computer videokeratography, and corneal thickness and endothelial measurements. Additionally, WFS patients (n=9) underwent longitudinal videokeratography and Pentacam evaluation. Corneal characteristics were assessed and compared between both groups. Human and mouse corneas were subjected to immunohistochemistry to detect wolframin expression and microscopic evaluation to study corneal morphology ex vivo. RESULTS Clinical and topographic abnormalities similar to keratoconus were observed in 14 eyes (58.3%) of 8 WFS patients (66.7%). Flat keratometry, inferior-superior dioptric asymmetry, skewed radial axis, logarithm of keratoconus percentage index, index of surface variance, index of vertical asymmetry, keratoconus index, central keratoconus index, index of height asymmetry, and index of height decentration differed between WFS and T1D patients. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated wolframin expression in human and mouse corneas. Compared with Wfs1WT mice, Wfs1KO mice also presented corneal abnormalities. CONCLUSIONS Patients with WFS present a high prevalence of changes in corneal morphology compatible with the diagnosis of early stages of keratoconus. Observations in a mouse model suggest that a mutation in the WFS1 gene may be responsible for corneal abnormalities similar to keratoconus. BACKGROUND Post-procedural amniotic band disruption sequence (PABDS) is a condition following intra-uterine interventions, where fibrous strands constrict limbs or umbilical cord, leading to edema, amputation and fetal demise. OBJECTIVE To evaluate the prevalence, risk factors and outcome of PABDS following fetoscopic laser surgery in twin-twin transfusion syndrome (TTTS). METHODS All consecutive cases of TTTS treated with fetoscopic laser coagulation of the vascular anastomoses at our center between January 2002 and March 2019 were included in the study. The presence of PABDS was recorded and potential risk factors were analyzed. RESULTS PABDS was detected at birth in 2.2% (15/672), in both recipients (10/15, 67%) and donors (5/15, 33%). PABDS involved primarily the lower extremities (11/15, 73%), and less frequently the upper extremities (2/15, 13%), both upper and lower extremities (1/15, 7%) or umbilical cord (1/15, 7%). PABDS led to amputation of toes in 5/15 (33%) of cases and resulted in fetal demise due to constriction of the umbilical cord in one case (7%). Independent risk factors for PABDS were lower gestational age at laser surgery (odds ratio (OR) per week 1.43, 95% confidence interval (CI) 1.12-1.79, p=0.003) and presence of post-procedural chorioamniotic membrane separation on antenatal ultrasound examination (OR 41.66, 95% CI 5.44-319.25, p less then 0.001). CONCLUSION The prevalence of PABDS is low but may lead to severe consequences, with amputation of extremities or fetal demise in over one third of cases. Lower gestational age at laser and chorioamniotic membrane separation are independently associated with PABDS. BACKGROUND The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a global public health emergency. Data on the effect of COVID-19 in pregnancy are limited to small case series. OBJECTIVES To evaluate the clinical characteristics and outcomes in pregnancy and the vertical transmission potential of SARS-CoV-2 infection. STUDY DESIGH Clinical records were retrospectively reviewed for 116 pregnant women with COVID-19 pneumonia from 25 hospitals in China between January 20 and March 24, 2020. Evidence of vertical transmission was assessed by testing for SARS-CoV-2 in amniotic fluid, cord blood, and neonatal pharyngeal swab samples. RESULTS The median gestational age on admission was 38+0 (IQR 36+0-39+1) weeks. The most common symptoms were fever (50.9%, 59/116) and cough (28.4%, 33/116); 23.3% (27/116) patients presented without symptoms. Abnormal radiologic findings were found in 96.3% (104/108) of cases. There were eight cases (6.9%, 8/116) of severe pneumonia but no maternal deaths.
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