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The present work is a compilation of the systematics of the genus Tylolaimophorus (Nematoda Diphtherophoridae). These nematodes are soil inhabitants that occur mostly in the vicinity of plant roots. An historical taxonomy, amended diagnosis and several taxonomic remarks on the genus are discussed here. A list of all 13 globally known species (and their synonyms) is given and all of them are treated here. For each species, taxonomic information including morphometric data reported worldwide, amended descriptions of females and males, diagnosis of the species and its relationships with closely related species, as well as its distribution and associated plants are discussed. Moreover, based on the most important morphological and morphometric characters, an identification key and a diagnostic compendium to the species are included. Two populations of T. minor are described and illustrated for the first time from Iran. Comparing morphological and morphometric characteristics of the Iranian populations with other populations worldwide reveals that these populations share almost all diagnostic characters except spear length, which is slightly longer in the Russian populations as compared with populations from USA, Poland and Iran.Three new species records, Axinella arctica (Vosmaer, 1885), Semisuberites cribrosa (Miklucho-Maclay, 1870), and Cladocroce spatula (Lundbeck, 1902), and one new combination, Plicatellopsis bowerbanki (Vosmaer, 1885) comb. nov. from eastern Canada are described. The four species have similar growth forms which are either fan or cup-shaped with obvious stalks. This is the first description of a member of the genus Plicatellopsis in the North Atlantic, and the second record of the genus in the northern hemisphere. The four species described here have a history of misidentification in eastern Canada and this work aims to guide future identifications in the region.Two new species, Dipogon (Stigmatodipogon) chiangmai Loktionov, sp. nov. and D. (S.) himalayensis Loktionov, sp. nov., are described and illustrated based on females from northern Thailand and north-eastern India. The subgenus Stigmatodipogon Ishikawa of the genus Dipogon Fox is newly recorded from India (Arunachal Pradesh). An updated key to the females is provided.A new species of the caprellid genus Paraproto, P. murrayae n. sp. is described based on specimens collected from New South Wales, Australia. The new species was collected from brown algae in shallow water (16-19 m deep). Paraproto murrayae n. sp. selleck kinase inhibitor is very similar to P. tasmaniensis Guerra-García Takeuchi, 2004 but can be distinguished mainly by the following characteristics (1) adults of P. murrayae are significantly smaller than P. tasmaniensis (5-6 mm and 10-11 mm respectively); (2) in larger males of P. tasmaniensis, gnathopod 2 is inserted on the anterior half of pereonite 2, rather than the posterior half as in P. murrayae; (3) the dactylus of the male gnathopod 2 is thickened medially in P. murrayae, but not thickened in P. tasmaniensis; (4) the setal formula of mandibular palp is 1-3-1 in P. murrayae versus 1-9-1 or 1-10-1 in P. tasmaniensis; (5) the lower lip is glabrous in P. murrayae but strongly setose in P. tasmaniensis; and (6) the anterolateral projections on pereonite 2 are lacking or vestigial in males of P. murrayae rather than distinct as in P. tasmaniensis. An illustrated key to the species of Paraproto is provided.Taxonomic placement of five Neotropical species of Glandulariini, previously misplaced in Euconnus, is corrected based on examination of type specimens. Euconnus brunneus Franz is placed in Tridensius gen. n.; Euconnus sibyllensis Franz in Sibylloconnus gen. n.; Euconnus fimbriatulus Reitter in Protandroconnus Franz; Euconnus johnsoni Franz in Amimoscydmus Jałoszyński; and Scydmaenus asserculatus L.W. Schaufuss (placed in Euconnus by Csiki and Franz) in Venezolanoconnus Franz. Each species is redescribed Tridensius brunneus (Franz) comb. n., Sibylloconnus sibyllensis (Franz) comb. n., Protandroconnus fimbriatulus (Reitter) comb. n., Amimoscydmus johnsoni (Franz) comb. n., and Venezolanoconnus asserculatus (L.W. Schaufuss) comb. n. A key to identification of the new Neotropical genera is given.We reassessed the systematics of the Indian (semi)fossorial snake Xylophis perroteti (Duméril, Bibron Duméril, 1854) based on morphological and DNA sequence data for type, historical, and new specimens. A population from the Anamalai Hills is distinct from broadly topotypic X. perroteti from the Nilgiri Hills (from which they are separated geographically by the lowland Palghat Gap) on the basis of both external morphology and DNA sequence data. We describe the Anamalai form as a new species, Xylophis mosaicus sp. nov. The new species is more closely related to X. perroteti than to X. stenorhynchus and X. captaini. A new key to identify the species of Xylophis is presented.The microcaddisfly genus Acostatrichia Mosely (Leucotrichiinae, Leucotrichiini) is revised. Based on morphological features of the adult male, species assigned to the genus are here divided into three species groups A. plaumanni Group, A. brevipenis Group, and A. cerna Group. After examination of type specimens, the subjective synonymy of Acostatrichia darda Oláh Flint, A. hosulaba Oláh Flint, and A. pika Oláh Flint is proposed, with the first name being chosen to have priority over the other two. Acostatrichia ketvilla Oláh Flint is considered a junior synonym of Costatrichia nelsonferreirai Santos Nessimian, and another 3 species are removed from Acostatrichia A. tapada Oláh Flint and A. rovidka Oláh Flint are transferred to Costatrichia; and A. topora Oláh Flint is transferred to Leucotrichia Mosely. A new species, Acostatrichia araca sp. nov. is described and illustrated from northern Brazil; descriptions and illustrations are also provided for the other 11 Acostatrichia species. After these nomenclatural acts, the genus Acostatrichia includes 15 species restricted to South America.The spider genus Desis Walckenaer, 1837 is the type genus of the spider family Desidae Pocock, 1895. Desis spiders hide in silk sacs between rocks or shells during high tide and forage during low tide (Baehr et al. 2017). Four Desis species have been recorded from Asia Desis gardineri Pocock, 1904 (India), Desis inermis Gravely, 1927 (India), Desis japonica Yaginuma, 1956 (Japan) and Desis martensi L. Koch, 1872 (Malaysia) (World Spider Catalog 2020). Until now, only one species of the family Desidae, Badumna tangae Zhu, Zhang Yang, 2006, has been reported from China (Zhu et al. 2006). Here, we describe a new species of Desis and report the genus from China for the first time.
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