Notes

Standard of living examination of children using clair ductus arteriosus following closing therapy: Any single-centre examine.
To examine the association of long-term weight change with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) risk in a large prospective cohort study.

The Nurses' Health Study (NHS) II started in 1989 (baseline); after exclusions, we studied 108,505 women 25-42 years old without RA. Incident RA was reported by participant and confirmed by medical record review. Body weight was reported biennially through 2015. We investigated two time-varying exposures weight changes from baseline and from age 18; change was divided into 5 categories. We used a marginal structural model (MSM) approach to account for time-varying weight change and covariates.

Over 2,583,266 person-years, with a median follow-up time of 25.3 years, 541 women developed RA. Compared to women with stable weight from baseline, weight change was significantly associated with increased RA risk [weight gain 2-<10 kg RR = 1.98 (95% CI 1.38, 2.85); 10-<20 kg RR = 3.28 (95% CI 2.20, 4.89); ≥20 kg RR = 3.81 (95% CI 2.39, 6.07); and weight loss >2 kg RR = 2.05 (95% CI 1.28, 3.28)]. Weight gain of 10 kg or more from age 18 compared with stable weight was also associated with increased RA risk [10-< 20 kg RR = 2.12 (95% CI 1.37, 3.27), ≥20 kg RR = 2.31 (95% CI 1.50, 3.56)]. Consistent findings were observed for seropositive and seronegative RA.

Long-term weight gain was strongly associated with increased RA risk in women, with weight gain of ≥ 20 kg associated with more than a three-fold increased RA risk. Maintenance of healthy weight may be a strategy to prevent or delay RA.
Long-term weight gain was strongly associated with increased RA risk in women, with weight gain of ≥ 20 kg associated with more than a three-fold increased RA risk. Maintenance of healthy weight may be a strategy to prevent or delay RA.
To compare trajectories of marriage and parenthood in individuals with juvenile idiopathic arthritis (JIA) vs the general population.

Patients with JIA (n = 4399) were identified in the Swedish National.

Register (2001-2016) and individually matched to up to five general population comparators on birthyear, sex, and residence county (n = 21 981). Marriage and parenthood data were retrieved from the Total Population Register from age 18 y, and parenthood from the Multigeneration Register from age 15 y, respectively. Hazard ratios (HRs) were estimated using Cox regression adjusted for parental education, parental marital status, and number of siblings.

During a median of 6.3 years of follow-up, 365 patients with JIA and 1771 comparators got married (12.9 vs 12.5 per 1000 person-years; HR 1.03, 95%CI 0.93-1.14). During a median of 8.8 years of follow-up, 686 patients with JIA and 3519 matched comparators became parents (17.2 vs 17.7 per 1000 person-years; HR 0.94, 95%CI 0.87-1.01). In the subgroup of patients with systemic onset JIA (SJIA), the adjusted hazard ratios for marriage and parenthood were 0.79 (95%CI 0.53-1.18) and 0.73 (95%CI 0.55-0.97), respectively.

The times to first marriage and first parenthood are similar for patients with JIA and the general population, suggesting that adolescents with JIA transition into family life along a trajectory resembling their community peers. One exception is the subgroup of patients with SJIA, who become parents for the first time at a lower rate than general population comparators.
The times to first marriage and first parenthood are similar for patients with JIA and the general population, suggesting that adolescents with JIA transition into family life along a trajectory resembling their community peers. One exception is the subgroup of patients with SJIA, who become parents for the first time at a lower rate than general population comparators.The evolution of eukaryotic cellular complexity is interwoven with the extensive diversification of many protein families. One key family is the ARF GTPases that act in eukaryote-specific processes, including membrane traffic, tubulin assembly, actin dynamics, and cilia-related functions. Unfortunately, our understanding of the evolution of this family is limited. Sampling an extensive set of available genome and transcriptome sequences, we have assembled a data set of over 2,000 manually curated ARF family genes from 114 eukaryotic species, including many deeply diverged protist lineages, and carried out comprehensive molecular phylogenetic analyses. These reconstructed as many as 16 ARF family members present in the last eukaryotic common ancestor, nearly doubling the previously inferred ancient system complexity. Evidence for the wide occurrence and ancestral origin of Arf6, Arl13, and Arl16 is presented for the first time. Moreover, Arl17, Arl18, and SarB, newly described here, are absent from well-studied model organisms and as a result their function(s) remain unknown. Analyses of our data set revealed a previously unsuspected diversity of membrane association modes and domain architectures within the ARF family. We detail the step-wise expansion of the ARF family in the metazoan lineage, including discovery of several new animal-specific family members. Delving back to its earliest evolution in eukaryotes, the resolved relationship observed between the ARF family paralogs sets boundaries for scenarios of vesicle coat origins during eukaryogenesis. Altogether, our work fundamentally broadens the understanding of the diversity and evolution of a protein family underpinning the structural and functional complexity of the eukaryote cells.Application of genetic data to species delimitation often builds confidence in delimitations previously hypothesized using morphological, ecological, and geographic data and frequently yields recognition of previously-undescribed cryptic diversity. learn more However, a recent critique of genomic data-based species delimitation approaches is that they have the potential to conflate population structure with species diversity, resulting in taxonomic oversplitting. The need for an integrative approach to species delimitation, in which molecular, morphological, ecological, and geographic lines of evidence are evaluated together, is becoming increasingly apparent. Here, we integrate phylogenetic, population genetic, and coalescent analyses of genome-wide sequence data with investigation of variation in multiple morphological traits to delimit species within the Antarctic barbeled plunderfishes (Artedidraconidae Pogonophryne). Pogonophryne currently comprises 29 valid species, most of which are distinguished solely by variation in ornamentation of the mental barbel that projects from the lower jaw, a structure previously shown to vary widely within a single species.
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