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Why Everyone Is Talking About Free Evolution Right Now
What is Free Evolution?

Free evolution is the concept that the natural processes that organisms go through can lead to their development over time. This includes the evolution of new species and the transformation of the appearance of existing species.

A variety of examples have been provided of this, such as different varieties of stickleback fish that can be found in fresh or salt water and walking stick insect varieties that favor specific host plants. These reversible traits can't, however, be the reason for fundamental changes in body plans.

Evolution by Natural Selection

The evolution of the myriad living organisms on Earth is an enigma that has fascinated scientists for decades. The most widely accepted explanation is Charles Darwin's natural selection process, an evolutionary process that occurs when better-adapted individuals survive and reproduce more successfully than those that are less well adapted. Over time, a population of well-adapted individuals increases and eventually creates a new species.

Natural selection is a cyclical process that is characterized by the interaction of three elements including inheritance, variation, and reproduction. Sexual reproduction and mutations increase the genetic diversity of the species. Inheritance refers to the transmission of genetic characteristics, which includes recessive and dominant genes to their offspring. Reproduction is the generation of fertile, viable offspring, which includes both sexual and asexual methods.

Natural selection is only possible when all of these factors are in balance. If, for example the dominant gene allele makes an organism reproduce and survive more than the recessive gene allele The dominant allele becomes more common in a population. But if the allele confers a disadvantage in survival or reduces fertility, it will be eliminated from the population. This process is self-reinforcing meaning that an organism with a beneficial trait will survive and reproduce more than an individual with an inadaptive characteristic. The more offspring an organism produces the more fit it is which is measured by its capacity to reproduce and survive. People with desirable traits, like having a longer neck in giraffes or bright white color patterns in male peacocks, are more likely to survive and have offspring, so they will make up the majority of the population in the future.

Natural selection is only a factor in populations and not on individuals. This is a crucial distinction from the Lamarckian theory of evolution which holds that animals acquire traits due to usage or inaction. If a giraffe extends its neck in order to catch prey and the neck grows larger, then its offspring will inherit this trait. The difference in neck size between generations will increase until the giraffe is unable to reproduce with other giraffes.

Evolution by Genetic Drift

Genetic drift occurs when alleles of the same gene are randomly distributed in a group. At some point, one will attain fixation (become so common that it cannot be eliminated by natural selection), while other alleles will fall to lower frequencies. In the extreme this, it leads to a single allele dominance. The other alleles are essentially eliminated, and heterozygosity falls to zero. In a small group this could result in the total elimination of the recessive allele. This scenario is known as a bottleneck effect and it is typical of the kind of evolutionary process that takes place when a lot of individuals migrate to form a new population.

A phenotypic bottleneck may occur when survivors of a disaster, such as an epidemic or a mass hunt, are confined into a small area. The survivors will have an dominant allele, and will have the same phenotype. This could be caused by war, earthquakes or even a plague. Whatever the reason the genetically distinct group that remains could be prone to genetic drift.

Walsh Lewens, Lewens, and Ariew use a "purely outcome-oriented" definition of drift as any departure from the expected values of variations in fitness. They cite the famous example of twins who are both genetically identical and share the same phenotype. However one is struck by lightning and dies, but the other is able to reproduce.

This kind of drift could play a significant part in the evolution of an organism. It is not the only method for evolution. The main alternative is a process known as natural selection, in which the phenotypic variation of a population is maintained by mutation and migration.

Stephens argues there is a significant distinction between treating drift as an actual cause or force, and treating other causes such as selection mutation and migration as causes and forces. He claims that a causal-process account of drift allows us differentiate it from other forces, and this distinction is essential. 에볼루션 바카라 사이트 argues that drift has a direction: that is, it tends to eliminate heterozygosity, and that it also has a specific magnitude that is determined by population size.

Evolution through Lamarckism

Students of biology in high school are frequently introduced to Jean-Baptiste Lamarck's (1744-1829) work. His theory of evolution is commonly called "Lamarckism" and it states that simple organisms grow into more complex organisms by the inherited characteristics that are a result of the natural activities of an organism use and misuse. Lamarckism is typically illustrated with the image of a giraffe extending its neck longer to reach higher up in the trees. This causes giraffes' longer necks to be passed to their offspring, who would then become taller.


Lamarck the French Zoologist from France, presented an idea that was revolutionary in his opening lecture at the Museum of Natural History of Paris. He challenged previous thinking on organic transformation. According Lamarck, living organisms evolved from inanimate matter through a series of gradual steps. Lamarck was not the first to make this claim but he was thought of as the first to offer the subject a thorough and general overview.

The predominant story is that Charles Darwin's theory on natural selection and Lamarckism were rivals in the 19th century. Darwinism eventually prevailed, leading to what biologists call the Modern Synthesis. This theory denies acquired characteristics are passed down from generation to generation and instead, it claims that organisms evolve through the selective action of environment elements, like Natural Selection.

Lamarck and his contemporaries supported the notion that acquired characters could be passed on to the next generation. However, this concept was never a central part of any of their theories about evolution. This is partly due to the fact that it was never tested scientifically.

However, it has been more than 200 years since Lamarck was born and in the age of genomics, there is a large amount of evidence to support the heritability of acquired traits. This is also referred to as "neo Lamarckism", or more often epigenetic inheritance. It is a variant of evolution that is as valid as the more well-known neo-Darwinian model.

Evolution through adaptation

One of the most common misconceptions about evolution is that it is driven by a type of struggle to survive. In reality, this notion is inaccurate and overlooks the other forces that determine the rate of evolution. The fight for survival can be more effectively described as a struggle to survive in a specific environment, which may be a struggle that involves not only other organisms, but also the physical environment.

Understanding how adaptation works is essential to understand evolution. The term "adaptation" refers to any characteristic that allows living organisms to live in its environment and reproduce. It can be a physical structure, like fur or feathers. Or it can be a characteristic of behavior, like moving to the shade during the heat, or moving out to avoid the cold at night.

The ability of a living thing to extract energy from its surroundings and interact with other organisms and their physical environment is essential to its survival. The organism must have the right genes to create offspring, and must be able to find enough food and other resources. The organism should also be able to reproduce itself at the rate that is suitable for its particular niche.

These factors, in conjunction with mutations and gene flow can cause a shift in the proportion of different alleles within a population’s gene pool. The change in frequency of alleles can lead to the emergence of new traits, and eventually, new species as time passes.

Many of the characteristics we admire about animals and plants are adaptations, like lung or gills for removing oxygen from the air, fur or feathers to protect themselves and long legs for running away from predators and camouflage to hide. However, a complete understanding of adaptation requires attention to the distinction between physiological and behavioral traits.

Physiological adaptations like thick fur or gills, are physical traits, whereas behavioral adaptations, like the tendency to search for companions or to retreat to the shade during hot weather, aren't. Additionally it is important to note that lack of planning does not mean that something is an adaptation. Inability to think about the consequences of a decision even if it seems to be rational, may make it inflexible.

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