Notes

Hereditary genealogy, admixture, as well as inhabitants structure in outlying Dominica.
High temperature activates the transcription factor PHYTOCHROME-INTERACTING FACTOR4 (PIF4) to stimulate auxin signaling, which causes hypocotyl elongation and leaf hyponasty (thermomorphogenesis). HOOKLESS1 (HLS1) is a recently reported positive regulator of thermomorphogenesis, but the molecular mechanisms by which HLS1 regulates thermomorphogenesis remain unknown. In this study, we initially compared PIF4- and/or HLS1-dependent differential gene expression (DEG) upon high-temperature treatment. We found that a large number of genes are coregulated by PIF4 and HLS1, especially genes involved in plant growth or defense responses. Moreover, we found that HLS1 interacts with PIF4 to form a regulatory module and that, among the HLS1-PIF4-coregulated genes, 27.7% are direct targets of PIF4. We also identified 870 differentially alternatively spliced genes (DASGs) in wild-type plants under high temperature. Interestingly, more than half of these DASG events (52.4%) are dependent on both HLS1 and PIF4, and the spliceosome-defective mutant plantsexhibit a hyposensitive response to high temperature, indicating that DASGs are required for thermomorphogenesis. Further comparative analyses showed that the HLS1/PIF4-coregulated DEGs and DASGs exhibit almost no overlap, suggesting that high temperature triggers two distinct strategies to control plant responses and thermomorphogenesis. Taken together, these results demonstrate that the HLS1-PIF4 module precisely controls both transcriptional and posttranscriptional regulation during plant thermomorphogenesis.Nuclear pore complexes (NPCs), which comprise multiple copies of nucleoporins (Nups), are large protein assemblies embedded in the nuclear envelope connecting the nucleus and cytoplasm. Although it has been known that Nups affect flowering in Arabidopsis, the underlying mechanisms are poorly understood. Here, we show that loss of function of Nucleoporin 160 (Nup160) leads to increased abundance of CONSTANS (CO) protein and the resulting upregulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) specifically in the morning. We demonstrate that Nup160 regulates CO protein stability through affecting NPC localization of an E3-ubiquitin ligase, HIGH EXPRESSION OF OSMOTICALLY RESPONSIVE GENES1 (HOS1), which destabilizes CO protein in the morning period. Taken together, these results provide a mechanistic understanding of Nup function in the transition from vegetative to reproductive growth, suggesting that deposition of HOS1 at NPCs by Nup160 is essential for preventing precocious flowering in response to photoperiod in Arabidopsis.Much attention has been given to the enhancement of photosynthesis as a strategy for the optimization of crop productivity. As traditional plant breeding is most likely reaching a plateau, there is a timely need to accelerate improvements in photosynthetic efficiency by means of novel tools and biotechnological solutions. The emerging field of synthetic biology offers the potential for building completely novel pathways in predictable directions and, thus, addresses the global requirements for higher yields expected to occur in the 21st century. Here, we discuss recent advances and current challenges of engineering improved photosynthesis in the era of synthetic biology toward optimized utilization of solar energy and carbon sources to optimize the production of food, fiber, and fuel.The stomatal pores of plant leaves control gas exchange with the environment. Stomatal development is prevised regulated by both internal genetic programs and environmental cues. Among various environmental factors, light regulation of stomata formation has been extensively studied in Arabidopsis. In this review, we summarize recent advances in the genetic control of stomata development and its regulation by light. We also present a comparative analysis of the conserved and diverged stomatal regulatory networks between Arabidopsis and cereal grasses. Lastly, we provide our perspectives on manipulation of the stomata density on plant leaves for the purpose of breeding crops that are better adapted to the adverse environment and high-density planting conditions.Angiosperms (flowering plants) are the most diverse and species-rich group of plants. The vast majority (∼99.95%) of angiosperms form a clade called Mesangiospermae, which is subdivided into five major groups eudicots, monocots, magnoliids, Chloranthales, and Ceratophyllales. The relationships among these Mesangiospermae groups have been the subject of long debate. In this study, we assembled a phylogenomic dataset of 1594 genes from 151 angiosperm taxa, including representatives of all five lineages, to investigate the phylogeny of major angiosperm lineages under both coalescent- and concatenation-based methods. We dissected the phylogenetic signal and found that more than half of the genes lack phylogenetic information for the backbone of angiosperm phylogeny. We further removed the genes with weak phylogenetic signal and showed that eudicots, Ceratophyllales, and Chloranthales form a clade, with magnoliids and monocots being the next successive sister lineages. learn more Similar frequencies of gene tree conflict are suggestive of incomplete lineage sorting along the backbone of the angiosperm phylogeny. Our analyses suggest that a fully bifurcating species tree may not be the best way to represent the early radiation of angiosperms. Meanwhile, we inferred that the crown-group angiosperms originated approximately between 255.1 and 222.2 million years ago, and Mesangiospermae diversified into the five extant groups in a short time span (∼27 million years) at the Early to Late Jurassic.Light is one of the most important environmental signals and regulates many biological processes in plants. Studies on light-regulated development have mainly focused on aspects of shoot growth, such as de-etiolation, cotyledon opening, inhibition of hypocotyl elongation, flowering, and anthocyanin accumulation. However, recent studies have demonstrated that light is also involved in regulating root growth and development in Arabidopsis. In this review, we summarize the progress in understanding how shoots and roots coordinate their responses to light through different light-signaling components and pathways, including the COP1 (CONSTITUTIVELY PHOTOMORPHOGENIC 1), HY5 (ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 5), and MYB73/MYB77 (MYB DOMAIN PROTEIN 73/77) pathways.
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