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BACKGROUNDS This study aimed to evaluate the microstructural changes in the peri-implant bone in patients with short implants in terms of implant survival status by using fractal analysis measurements. RESULTS Dental panoramic radiographs (DPRs) of 67 patients were examined and included in this study. Fractal analysis and measurement of the crown-implant ratio were performed with ImageJ. The fractal analysis measurement was performed on the DPRs obtained at preoperative (FD0) and in the follow-up periods (after 2 ± 2 weeks (FD1), 2 months ± 2 weeks (FD2), 6 months ± 2 weeks (FD3), and 12 months + (FD4)). A p value less then 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Power analyses were conducted for the test results that did not reject null hypothesis. A significant difference was found in the FD1 and FD2 values between the implant survival groups (p less then 0.001 and p = 0.023, respectively). find more The mean FD1 and FD2 values of the success group were significantly higher than those of the failure group. CONCLUSIONS Fractal analysis is a useful method to measure the trabecular microstructure of bone in non-standardized dental radiographs. The present study has a low power to reject the null hypothesis because of the low number of cases of implant failure. Therefore, further study with a large sample size is warranted. In clinical practice, the survival of implants may be predicted by analyzing fractal dimension of the surrounding trabecular bone of the implants.Rabies is the most critical zoonotic disease in Iran, which imposes many extra costs on health care system in each country. The present study aimed to determine the molecular characteristics of the wild circulating strains of the rabies virus (RABV) collected in Iran during 2015-2017. Rabies-suspected samples were collected from different regions of Iran and identified for RABV antigen confirmation using fluorescent antibody tests. Polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was performed on positive samples and gene sequencing was done on rabies nucleoprotein and glycoprotein genes to determine the rabies molecular characteristics. Accordingly, nine street RABVes were isolated. Then, N (802 bp) and G (735 bp) genes were amplified with specific primers using PCR. The sequence of nine strains was determined and compared with another 50 close to them, and the phylogenetic tree was plotted using neighbor-joining method by Mega 7 software. The molecular characteristic results indicated that all new strains belong to RABV wild species. As a result, the most prevalent strains of RABV in northwest, west, center, and south of Iran were identified. The present study may provide a better insight into the identification of all RABV strains, and understanding the evolutionary nature of RABV and how its hosts change in the world over the centuries.This study aims to examine the spatio-temporal urban expansion pattern and its impacts on green space variation as well as thermal behavior in Doon valley over the last two decades during 2000 and 2019. Landsat 5 and Landsat 8 images of February and May month of two study years 2000 and 2019 were used for the analysis. The land use change analysis revealed notable outgrowth of urbanization with 184% increase in Doon valley during 2000-2019. To examine the effects of locational factors on urban growth, relative Shannon entropy analysis was carried out based on two factors, i.e., distances from city center and roads. It was seen that all the roads and city center have witnessed consistent and higher urban spread in its surroundings with high relative entropy value more than 0.9. Further analysis shows that there was considerable loss of agriculture crop lands and fallow lands along the major roads and around city center. Forest area was mostly affected along the road towards Mussorie hill station (road 2) becau-increasing anthropogenic activities is not a healthy indication for the hilly region like Doon Valley which may adversely affect the ecosystem stability and its resources as well. The study may be used as reference for future ecological and urban management studies and policies.Fish metabolic allostatic dynamics, when animal present physiological modifications that can be strategies to survive, are important for promoting changes to ensure whole body self-protection and survival in chronic states of stress. To determine the impact of sequential stressors on pacu (Piaractus mesopotamicus), fish were subjected to two trials of stressful treatments, administration of exogenous dietary cortisol, and parasite challenge. The first experiment consisted of a two-day acute stress trial and the second, an eight-day chronic stress trial, and after both experiments, fish parasite susceptibility was assessed with the ectoparasite Dolops carvalhoi challenge. Physiological changes in response to acute trial were observed in glycogen, cortisol, glucose, osmolarity, sodium, calcium, chloride, potassium, hematocrit, hemoglobin, red blood cells and mean corpuscular volume, and white blood cell (P less then  0.05), whereas response to chronic trial were observed in glycogen, osmolarity, potassium, calcium, chloride, mean corpuscular volume, white blood cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte (P less then  0.05). Acute trials caused physiological changes, however those changes did not induce the consumption of hepatic glycogen. Chronic stress caused physiological changes that induced hepatic glycogen consumption. Under acute trial, stress experience was important to fish to achieve homeostasis after chronic stress. Changes were important to modulate the response to stressor, improve body health status, and overcome the extra stressor with D. carvalhoi challenge. The experiments demonstrate that pacu initiate strategic self-protective metabolic dynamics in acute states of stress that ensure the maintenance of important life processes in front of sequential stressors.This study aims to determine the effect of exercise on the cardiac function, metabolic profiles and related molecular mechanisms in mice with ischemic-induced heart failure (HF). HF was induced by myocardial infarction (MI) in C57BL6/N mice. Cardiac function and physical endurance were improved in HF mice after exercise. Micro-PET/CT scanning revealed enhanced myocardial glucose uptake in vivo in HF mice after exercise. Exercise reduced mitochondrial structural damage in HF mice. Cardiomyocytes isolated from HF + exercise mice showed increased glycolysis capacity, respiratory function and ATP production. Both mRNA and protein expression of glucose transporter 1 (GLUT1) were upregulated after exercise. Results of ChIP-PCR revealed a novel interaction between transcription factor myocyte enhancer factor 2a (MEF2a) and GLUT1 in hearts of HF + exercise mice. Exercise also activated myocardial AMP-activated protein kinase (AMPK), which in turn phosphorylated histone deacetylase 4 (HDAC4), and thereby modulated the GLUT1 expression through reducing its inhibition on MEF2a in HF mice.
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