Notes

LiDAR-Based Goblet Discovery pertaining to Enhanced Occupancy Grid Mapping.
Strikingly, at higher IR doses (≥4 Gy) HRR-deficient cells irradiated in G2-phase activate a weak but readily detectable ATM/ATR-dependent G2-checkpoint, whereas HRR-deficient cells irradiated in S-phase develop a stronger G2-checkpoint than WT-cells. We conclude that HRR and the ATM/ATR-dependent G2-checkpoint are closely intertwined in cells exposed to low IR-doses in G2-phase, where HRR dominates; they uncouple as HRR becomes suppressed at higher IR doses. Notably, this coupling is specific for cells irradiated in G2-phase, and cells irradiated in S-phase utilize a different mechanistic setup.Forward osmosis is an energy efficient process that is capable of recovering high-quality water from secondary wastewater treatment. However, regeneration of the draw solution (DS) is a problem that needs to be addressed. Herein, we developed and optimized a one-step process that does not require additional treatment for the DS. This process, called pressure assisted-volume retarded osmosis (PA-VRO), utilizes naturally occurring pressure with the aid of a small inlet pressure ( less then 1 bar). Poly(styrenesulfonate) was employed as the DS, for its high solubility in water and large molecular size (∼70,000 Da). Accordingly, real wastewater was employed as the feed solution for 48 h to remove perfluorooctanoate (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonate (PFOS) through PA-VRO. The rejection rates for PFOA/PFOS and poly(sodium-4-styrenesulfonate) (PSS) were observed to exceed 98%, after 24 h and 99%, after 48 h. Moreover, there were no traceable amounts of PFOA/PFOS in the DS, and hence the detected concentrations of PFOA and PFOS can be attributed to the residuals from the equipment. Therefore, this well-optimized PA-VRO process can be utilized for potable water production from treated wastewater.Rivers transport abundant terrestrial carbon into the ocean, constituting a fundamental channel between terrestrial carbon pools and oceanic carbon pools. The black carbon (BC) derived from biomass and fossil fuel combustion is an important component of the riverine organic carbon flux. A recent study estimated that approximately 17 ~ 37 Tg C of BC was delivered in suspended particle phase by rivers per year. The particulate black carbon (PBC) in river systems has rarely been investigated and its controlling factors have remained largely unknown. The stable isotopic compositions of PBC in Xijiang River during the wet season are reported in this study. We found that the PBC/particulate organic carbon (POC) ratio in Xijiang River was slightly higher than that of other rivers, which may be a result of the mobility difference between POC and PBC, aerosol BC input and riverine biogenic effect. We found that the isotopic compositions of PBC depleted 13C compared with those of POC and dissolved organic carbon (DOC). This divergence may be derived from the fractionation during soil organic matter production and biomass burning or fossil fuel combustion BC particles input with different isotopic compositions. The MixSIAR model indicated that most of the PBC in the study area was derived from fossil fuel combustion (~80%), the contribution of C4 plants burning was limited. Our result highlights that in the watershed without wildfire impact, the aeolian transport and deposition of the particles from fuel oil, coal combustion, and vehicle exhaust could significantly affect the BC flux in rivers.Endevours on the enhancement of nitrate removal efficiency during methane oxidation coupled with denitrification (AME-D) has always overlooked the role of membrane employed. It would be highly beneficial to enrich the biomass content and to manage biofilm on the membrane, in the utilization of methane and denitrification. In this study, an innovative and scalable double-layer membrane (DLM) was designed and prepared for a membrane biofilm reactor (MBfR), to simultaneously enhance nitrate removal flux and methane utilization efficiency during aerobic methane oxidation coupled with the denitrification (AME-D) process. Doxorubicin supplier The DLM allowed quick bacterial attachment and biomass accumulation for biofilm growth, which would be then self-regulated for well distribution of functional microbes on/within the DLM. Upon a high biofilm density of over 70 g-VSS m-2 achieved on the DLM, the methane utilization efficiency of the MBfR was enhanced significantly to over 1.3 times than the control MBfR with conventional polypropylene membrane. The MBfR employed DLM also demonstrated the maximum nitrate removal flux of 740 mg-NO3--N m-2 d-1 that was approximately 1.64 times of that in control MBfR at continuous-mode operation. This DLM indeed favored the enrichment of Type II aerobic methanotrophs of Methylocystaceae, and methanol-utilization denitrifiers of Rhodocyclaceae that preferentially utilize methanol as the cross-feeding intermediates to promote the methane utilization efficiency, and thus to enhance the nitrate removal flux. These results raised from new designed DLM confirmed the importance of membrane surface properties on the effectiveness of MBfR, and offered great potential to address challenging problems of MBfRs during engineering application.It is critical to both effectively remove and recover phosphate (P) from wastewater given the wide-ranging environmental (i.e., preventing eutrophication and restoring water quality) and economic (i.e., overcoming P resource scarcity) benefits. More recently, considerable academic effort has been devoted towards harvesting P as vivianite, which can be used as a potential slow-release fertilizer and possible reagent for the manufacture of lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO4), the precursor in fabricating Li-ion secondary batteries. In this study, we propose an innovative P recovery process, in which P is first preconcentrated via a flow-electrode capacitive deionization (FCDI) device followed by immobilization as vivianite crystals in a fluidized bed crystallization (FBC) column. The effects of different operational parameters on FCDI P preconcentration performance and energy consumption are investigated. Results show that 63% of P can be removed and concentrated in the flow-electrode chamber with a reasonable energy requirement under optimal operating conditions.
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