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Aversive feeling speedily triggers orexin neurons as well as boosts heartbeat in openly relocating these animals.
Objective To understand the clinical characteristics, prognoses, and prognostic factors of vegetative state (VS) and minimal consciousness state (MCS) patients hospitalized for comprehensive rehabilitation. Materials and methods The data of VS and MCS patients admitted in the past six years were retrospectively analyzed. Sunitinib cell line Age of onset, etiology, course of disease, complications, and retention of tracheal intubation, gastric tube, and urethral catheter were recorded. All patients were followed for one year after onset, and their Glasgow Outcome Scale (GOS) scores were assessed. Long-term prognostic factors were analyzed using logistic regression. Results The proportion of patients with traumatic brain injuries in the MCS group was higher than in the VS group (p0.05). Age, etiology, and consciousness at admission had a significant impact on the long-term prognoses of VS or MCS patients (p less then 0.05), and the age of onset was the most important factor (the highest OR). Conclusions Infection, spasticity, and epilepsy are common complications in both VS and MCS patients. Recovery of consciousness after one year was shown to be affected by age, etiology, and consciousness at admission.Objective Acute lung injury (ALI) is one of the most serious complications of sepsis and remains refractory. It is of great significance to discuss the pathogenesis of acute lung injury in sepsis and look for more effective drugs for treatment. The purpose of this study was to investigate the role of LincRNA-p21 on acute lung injury in sepsis. Materials and methods Lung histology was detected by HE staining to evaluate sepsis-induced ALI model in rats. The miRNA expression of LincRNA-p21 in septic model in vivo and in vitro was detected by RT-qPCR. Cell apoptosis, inflammatory responses and oxidative stress were detected to uncover the influence of LincRNA-p21 on LPS-induced septic model in vitro. Results The expression of LincRNA-p21 was significantly increased in septic model in vivo and in vitro. Cell apoptosis, inflammatory responses and oxidative stress were alleviated by LincRNA-p21 interference in LPS-treated BEAS-2B cells. Conclusions All the results in the current study proved that LincRNA-p21 interference could alleviate the acute lung injury in septic model. It raised the conclusion that LincRNA-p21 may act as a novel regulator in the pathological process and a potential therapeutic target in sepsis-induced ALI.Objective The kidney injury molecule-1 (uKIM-1) and neutrophil gelatinase-associated lipocalin (uNGAL, sNGAL) have been demonstrated to be diagnostic biomarkers for acute kidney injury (AKI) in a variety of diseases. However, both of them were not well validated in sepsis patients with acute kidney injury. Patients and methods This was a prospective and observational study which was performed in the three intensive care units of the Beijing Chao-Yang Hospital. Over a 12-month period, 174 patients (70 sepsis patients, 69 sepsis with AKI and 35 controls) were enrolled. Blood and urinary specimens were collected at admission as soon as possible (within 24 hours) and KIM-1 and NGAL levels were tested. Results Levels of uKIM-1, uNGAL, sNGAL were significantly higher in the sepsis patients who developed AKI compared to those sepsis with no-AKI (0.88 ng/ml (0.37, 2.14) vs. 1.21 ng/ml (0.67, 3.26) p=0.003, 63.54 ng/ml (21.66, 125.45) vs. 249.85 ng/ml (86.60, 585.97) p less then 0.001, and 108.08 ng/ml (67.74, 212.22) vs. 200.01 ng/ml (102.76, 300.77) p=0.001, respectively). sKIM-1 also had significant differences between the two groups (83.98 pg/ml (54.00,147.08) vs. 193.41 pg/ml (106.90, 430.60) p less then 0.001). The four biomarkers (uKIM-1, sKIM-1, uNGAL, sNGAL) all could be predictive for AKI, and the areas under the receiver operating characteristic curves (AUROC) were 0.607, 0.754, 0.768, 0.658, respectively. The uNGAL was an independent risk factor for septic AKI, and the AUROC was 0.768 (95% CI 0.689 to 0.835). The uNGAL and sNGAL were related to the prognosis of sepsis. Conclusions Our results showed that NGAL was a promising biomarker of septic AKI. Like the uKIM-1, the sKIM-1 could early predict the occurrence of septic AKI too, but both of them did not have the predictive value in judging the severity of AKI and the prognosis of sepsis.Objective Lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced inflammation and dysfunction in the kidney may be the major risk factors for subsequent acute kidney injury (AKI). Previous studies have reported that up-regulation of notch receptor 3 (NOTCH3) expression is accompanied with renal epithelium and podocyte damage. Herein, we aimed to investigate whether NOTCH3 was involved in lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-induced AKI and renal cell dysfunction. Materials and methods Septic mice were established using LPS (20 mg/kg) intraperitoneally. mRNA and protein expression in the kidney and renal cell was performed by reverse transcription-quantitative polymerase chain reaction (RT-qPCR) and Western blotting, respectively. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK8) and flow cytometry were used to measure cell viability and apoptosis, respectively. Bioinformatics algorithm and Luciferase reporter gene assay were performed to validate whether NOTCH3 was a direct target of miR-201-5p. Results Up-regulation of NOTCH3 and down-regulation of miR-201-5p were observed in the kidney of LPS-induced septic mice. LPS-stimulated TCMK-1 and MPC5 cells led to an increase in NOTCH3 and a decrease in miR-201-5p expression levels. Bioinformatics algorithm and experimental measurements validated that NOTCH3 was a direct target of miR-201-5p. Overexpression of miR-201-5p protected against LPS-induced renal cell growth inhibition, apoptosis and inflammatory response via the suppression of toll-like receptor 4 (TLR4)/NOTCH3 signaling pathway. Conclusions The novel role of miR-201-5p via the inhibition of LPS-activated TLR4/NOTCH3 might provide a potential therapeutic strategy for the treatment of LPS-induced AKI.Objective To explore whether Soluble tumor necrosis factor-receptor 1 (sTNF-R1) and linc0597 can be used as indicators for disease activity and diagnosis of lupus nephritis (LN). Patients and methods Eighty LN patients treated in our hospital were enrolled as the LN group, while 60 Systemic Lupus Erythematosus (SLE) patients without nephritis were included in the SLE group, and 50 healthy subjects who conducted physical examination during the same period as the control group. After admission, 5 mL of venous blood was taken from all the study subjects to measure sTNF-R1 level and linc0597 expression by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and RT-qPCR respectively. In addition, the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were employed to evaluate the diagnostic value of serum sTNF-R1 and linc0597 for LN, and Spearman correlation coefficient was adopted for the correlation between sTNF-R1, linc0597, and LN clinical disease Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Disease Activity Index (SLEDAI). Moreover, the logistic multiple regression analysis was applied to analyze the independent risk factors affecting the complication of LN in SLE patients.
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