Notes

Effects of self-consciousness of Rev1 interaction with Y simply household DNA polymerases for cisplatin chemo.
Patients of ON refractory to medical management can be benefitted by surgical approaches and occipital nerve blocks. Endoscopic-assisted ON decompression provides one such approach for the patients with vascular, fibrous or muscular compressions of occipital nerves resulting in intractable ON.
Patients of ON refractory to medical management can be benefitted by surgical approaches and occipital nerve blocks. Endoscopic-assisted ON decompression provides one such approach for the patients with vascular, fibrous or muscular compressions of occipital nerves resulting in intractable ON.
Greater and lesser occipital neuralgias are primary neuralgias that are relatively uncommon, where the pain is felt in the distribution of these nerves.

This review paper was intended to describe the features and management of occipital neuralgia in the context of a challenging case.

We looked at succinct literature from the past 30 years. We compared the features of our challenging case given in the current literature. In addition, an overview of the current literature is provided.

The case, although proved to be a diagnostic challenge, we were able to reach a conclusion and render the patient almost complete pain relief by conservative management modalities. It proved to be a rare presentation of occipital neuralgia with unusual pain distribution, and we are able to describe a literature-based explanation for this entity to be a diagnostic and management challenge.

Primary headaches, i'n general, are a group of headache disorders that require exquisite diagnostic skills. The clinical history is a key factor when making an accurate diagnosis, and to establish an appropriate management plan.
Primary headaches, i'n general, are a group of headache disorders that require exquisite diagnostic skills. The clinical history is a key factor when making an accurate diagnosis, and to establish an appropriate management plan.
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a devastating condition causing significant patient discomfort and morbidity hampering quality of life. Of the many treatment options available, microvascular decompression (MVD) of the trigeminal nerve is widely performed. However, the procedure is not risk-free.

The study aimed to describe our experience of treating TN via MVD and long-term follow-up of the patients treated by this modality.

It is a 5-year retrospective analysis of the database of patients with idiopathic TN treated with MVD at our institute. A total of 106 patients fulfilling the criteria of idiopathic TN by International Classification of Headache Disorders, 3
ed.ition and available for follow-up for at least 1-year post-procedure were included in the study.

Of the 106 patients, 58 (54.7%) were female and 48 (45.3%) were male with a mean age of 55 years (range 22-75 years). Vascular compression of the trigeminal nerve was seen in all cases; arterial compression in 82%, both artery and vein 14.5% while unidentified vessels were the culprit in 3.8% of the patients. There were no intra- or post-operative deaths. The best response was achieved at 1 month following the procedure where 85% of the patients achieved excellent outcomes.

In experienced hands, MVD is still a safe and cost-effective modality over a myriad of treatment options available for TN in patients of all ages. The absence of adhesions, indentations, and distortion of the trigeminal nerve are positive predictors of excellent outcomes in the long run.
In experienced hands, MVD is still a safe and cost-effective modality over a myriad of treatment options available for TN in patients of all ages. The absence of adhesions, indentations, and distortion of the trigeminal nerve are positive predictors of excellent outcomes in the long run.
Trigeminal neuralgia (TN) is a painful condition, often leading to poor quality of life.

The aim of this review was to discuss the various treatment modalities for the medical management of TN.

We reviewed the available literature on TN in clinical databases including PubMed, Google Scholar, and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews, with a specific focus on the pharmacological treatment and newer drugs under development for the treatment of TN.

Carbamazepine (CBZ) is the gold standard of treatment for TN. The first-line drugs for the treatment of TN are CBZ and oxcarbazepine (OXC). A proportion of cases (30%) are initially resistant to the first-line drugs. Angiogenesis modulator Alternative drugs need to be considered if the first-line drugs are not well tolerated or become ineffective with prolonged therapy. The second-line drugs comprise lamotrigine, baclofen, gabapentin, and pregabalin used as monotherapy or in combination with CBZ/OXC. Botulinum toxin A may be a promising presurgical option. Newer drug like vixotrigine has shown good results in phase two randomized control trials. About 50% of cases develop treatment resistance to oral drugs over the subsequent years of therapy and require surgical options.

The first-line drugs for the treatment of TN (irrespective of the age group or type) are CBZ and OXC. Combination therapy with second-line or other drugs may become necessary with poor response to CBZ/OXC, or if adverse events occur. Patients should be offered surgical options if there is poor response or tolerance to the medical therapy.
The first-line drugs for the treatment of TN (irrespective of the age group or type) are CBZ and OXC. Combination therapy with second-line or other drugs may become necessary with poor response to CBZ/OXC, or if adverse events occur. Patients should be offered surgical options if there is poor response or tolerance to the medical therapy.
Cervicogenic headache is a distinct type of headache described in 1980s by Sjaastad, a Norwegian neurologist. It is a not so uncommon headache, which is usually under-diagnosed resulting in suboptimal quality-of-life.

The aim of this study was to review the current recommendations on diagnosis and management of cervicogenic headache.

A PubMed search was done for the recent articles on 'cervicogenic headache' published in English literature with the aim of recognizing the current perspectives on cervicogenic headache.

The diagnosis of cervicogenic headache is based on clinical criteria mentioned by the International Headache Society (IHS) and Cervicogenic Headache International Study Group (CHISG). Cervical nerve block may confirm the nociceptive source in majority of cases and is included in CHISG criteria. Non-invasive diagnostic methods like echogenicity of muscles, diffusion tensor imaging (DTI) and single-photon emission tomography (SPECT) are proposed by some authors for avoiding complications associated with blocks.
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